STYRENIC BLOCK COPOLYMER COMPOSITION AND ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES MADE THEREOF
The disclosure relates to a hydrogenated styrene-based multiblock copolymer composition, having selectively quaternized midblock, for forming anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). The quaternized hydrogenated styrene-based multiblock copolymer is characterized as having a high glass transition temperature from the hydrophobic end-blocks, low vinyl (rubber) content, and quaternized mid-block. AEMs made from the composition have improved thermal and dimensional stability in electrolyzer operations.
1 . A selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer comprising:
at least a block A derived from any of (i) para-substituted vinyl aromatic monomer and (ii) unsubstituted vinyl aromatic monomer;
at least a block B comprising a polymerized hydrogenated 1,4-isoprene unit or 1,2 and 1-4 butadiene units;
a block C as a mid-block or an end-block and derived from a vinyl aromatic monomer susceptible to quaternization and;
wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer:
has a general configuration of: a pentablock; a tetrablock, or a triblock with a random structure containing B/C or C/B;
has an ion exchange capacity (IEC) from 0.5 to 4.0 meq/g; and
block C is quaternized having quaternary ammonium cations and a degree of quaternization from 30 mol % to 95 mol %.
2 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer is a pentablock having a structure selected from A-B-C-B-A, C-B-A-B-A, A-C-B-C-A, B-C-A-C-B and mixtures thereof.
3 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 2 , wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer is a pentablock having a structure:
wherein z=4-10, m, n, p, x and y≥1, and N + Me3 is quaternary ammonium (QA) group in formula (I), R1=Me or t-butyl , R2=H or Me, A is an end block comprising polymerized substituted styrene monomers, C is a mid-block of polymerized styrene monomers, B is a polymerized conjugated diene block which is consisted of x block(s) of polymerized ethylene units and y block(s) of polymerized butylene or propylene units.
4 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer is a tetrablock having a structure selected from A-B-C-A, A-B-A-C, and mixtures thereof.
5 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer is a triblock having a structure selected from A-B/C-A, A-C/B-A, and mixtures thereof.
6 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer has an ion exchange capacity of 0.7-3.5 meq/g.
7 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the block C comprises a linear alkyl side chain susceptible to electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
8 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the linear alkyl side chain has a CH2 spacer group with C1-C12 carbon atoms, and wherein the CH2 spacer group is derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of caprolactam, caprolactone, and mixture thereof.
9 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein each A and B block of the styrenic multiblock copolymer is a polymer block resistant to electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
10 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the block A has at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polymerized unsubstituted styrene, para-substituted styrene, ortho-substituted styrene, meta-substituted styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, 1,1-diphenylethylene, 1,2-diphenylethylene, and mixtures thereof.
11 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 10 , wherein the polymerized para-substituted styrene is selected from the group consisting of para-methylstyrene, para-ethylstyrene, para-n-propylstyrene, para-iso-propylstyrene, para-n-butylstyrene, para-sec-butylstyrene, para-iso-butylstyrene, para-t-butylstyrene, isomers of para-decylstyrene, isomers of para-dodecylstyrene, and mixtures thereof.
12 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the block B before hydrogenation has a vinyl content of 5 to 80 wt. % based on total weight of the polymerized conjugated diene monomer in block B.
13 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the block B comprises:
40 to 70% of polymerized 1,3-butadiene monomers incorporated by 1,2 polymerization, based on total polymerized 1,3-butadiene monomers in block B; and/or to 15 wt.% of polymerized isoprene monomers incorporated by 3,4 polymerization, based on total polymerized isoprene monomers in block B.
14 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer has a polystyrene content of 70 to 95 wt. %.
15 . The selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein block C is quaternized by a quaternizing agent having an amine functionality obtained from trimethyl amine, dimethylamine, monoamine, diamine, multi-amine groups, and mixtures thereof.
16 . An anion exchange membrane comprises the selectively quaternized hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a thickness of 0.1 to 500 μm.
17 . The anion exchange membrane of claim 16 , wherein the anion exchange membrane has a water vapor transport value greater than 1,000 g per m2 per day according to ASTM E 96/E 96M-05 at ≤50° C. and 10% Relative Humidity (RH); and a wet tensile strength of >100 psi according to ASTM D412.
18 . The anion exchange membrane of claim 16 , has a swellability of <200% by weight, or <100%, or <75%, or <50%, or <30%.
19 . The anion exchange membrane of claim 16 , further comprises least another polymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFEs), polyolefins, polyimides, polyamides, polyesters, polystyrenes, polysulfones, polyketones, poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), polyphenylene ethers, polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, polyvinylidene fluorides, polycarbonates, polyetherimides, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyacrylates, polytertbutylstyrene, and mixtures thereof.
20 . An electrode assembly comprising the anion exchange membrane of claim 19 .