Fuels And Fuel Additives That Have High Biogenic Content Derived From Renewable Organic Feedstock
Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.
1 . A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials, wherein the Fischer Tropsch derived liquids have the following carbons characteristics:
Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL:C4 - C26 HFTL C7 - C102
Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material:
Min
Max
C4-C09
0.087
0.23
C10-C19
0.18
0.36
C20-C29
0.17
0.22
C30-C39
0.09
0.11
C40+
0.07
0.18
+C10
>
0.70.
wherein the system comprises:
a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the renewable feedstock;
b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI receives:
the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H 2 , H 2 O and CO 2 :
receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; and
receives recycled CO2.
2 . A system according to claim 1 further including a syngas conditioning system and an F-T reactor that receives syngas from the syngas conditioning system.
3 . A system according to claim 2 wherein the syngas conditioning system provides the CO 2 recycle to the Gasification Island.
4 . A system according to claim 1 wherein the F-T reactor provides FT liquids, including a heavy FT liquid fraction (HFTL) and a medium liquid fraction MFTL, and F-T tailgas.
5 . A system according to claim 4 wherein the F-T tailgas is recycled to the F-T reactor.
6 . A system according to claim 4 further including a hydrocracker for receiving the F-T liquids.
7 . A system according to claim 6 further including a fractionator for receiving heavy crackate and light crackate from the hydrocracker.
8 . A system according to claim 7 wherein the fractionator provides the recycled high biogenic hydrocarbon products.
9 . A system according to claim 8 wherein the fractionator provides the high biogenic concentration of SPK or of Naphtha or of Diesel or of a combination of all three.
10 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 1 wherein said liquids includes fuels.
11 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 10 wherein said liquids includes diesel fuel.
12 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 10 wherein said liquids include synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK).
13 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 10 wherein said liquids include naphtha.
14 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 10 wherein in said liquids include at least naphtha, diesel fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK).
15 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 10 wherein CO, H 2 and CO 2 are recycled along with the recycled selected hydrocarbon products including naphtha and methane.
16 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 15 wherein the recycled selected hydrocarbon products and intermediate products include tail gas from the Fischer-Tropsch process.
17 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 15 wherein high biogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) produced in the process is removed from the gas streams and a portion of the CO 2 is recycled to the gasification system.