Outlet in-rush current limiter for intelligent power strip
The present disclosure is directed to a rack power distribution unit (RPDU) that automatically and safely switches power to one or more receptacles. The RPDU includes one or more processors utilizing control algorithms that manage bistable relays so that in-rush current is minimized upon manual connection/disconnection of power to a load device. In particular, relay contact status (open/closed) is identified based on changes in RMS or peak voltage influenced by the load impedance. The RPDU is also configured to predict timings for voltage zero-crossing events. In this manner, and based on the determination of relay contact status and voltage zero-crossing prediction, open relay contacts are identified and safely closed at voltage zero-crossing.
1. A rack power distribution unit comprising:
at least one power receptacle configured to enable attachment of an alternating current (AC) power cord of an external device to the power receptacle;
a power output module (POM) having a plurality of bistable relays and associated with the at least one power receptacle for supplying AC power to the at least one power receptacle from an external AC power source, each of the bistable relays having contacts able to be set to an open position and to a closed position, the POM configured to:
determine a load connection status over an open contact of one of the plurality of bistable relays based on a change in at least one of RMS voltage or peak voltage;
predict a voltage zero-crossing of a line voltage from the external AC power source;
transmit a communication that includes the load connection status and the voltage zero crossing to an interchangeable monitoring device (IMD); and
close the open contact based on a command from the IMD; and
the IMD, configured to:
monitor a state of the bistable relays;
receive the communication from the POM;
command the POM to close the open contact based on the communication, wherein closing the open contact limits an in-rush of current to the rack power distribution unit.
2. The rack power distribution unit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one AC power receptacle provides 120 volts.
3. The rack power distribution unit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the POM is configured to predict the voltage zero-crossing of the line voltage from the external AC power source by monitoring a line frequency of the line voltage.
4. The rack power distribution unit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the POM is configured to predict the voltage zero-crossing of the line voltage from the external AC power source by monitoring stored zero-crossing voltage transition data.
5. The rack power distribution unit of claim 1 , wherein the POM utilizes one or more control algorithms to determine the load connection status over the open contact of one of the plurality of bistable relays based on the change in at least one of RMS voltage or peak voltage.
6. The rack power distribution unit of claim 5 , wherein the one or more control algorithms is configured as firmware.
7. The rack power distribution unit of claim 1 , wherein the POM is configured to determine the load connection status via a load detection circuitry.
8. The rack power distribution unit of claim 7 , wherein the load detection circuity includes a plurality of resistors with known resistances and a difference amplifier configured to determine an output voltage based on a difference of two comparator voltages.
9. A method for monitoring and controlling an application of AC power to a plurality of load devices, the method comprising:
providing at least one AC power receptacle forming a power attachment point for an alternating current (AC) power cord of an independent load device;
using a power output module (POM) having at least one bistable relay associated with one of the at least one AC power receptacle for supplying AC power to the at least one AC power receptacle from an external AC power source, the bistable relay having contacts which are configured to be set to an open position and to a closed position;
using the POM to:
determine a load connection status over an open contact of one of a plurality of bistable relays based on a change in at least one of RMS voltage or peak voltage;
predict a voltage zero-crossing of a line voltage from the external AC power source;
transmit a communication that includes the load connection status; and
open or close the contact based on the load connection status.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the at least one AC power receptacle provides 120 volts.
11. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the predict the voltage zero-crossing of the line voltage from the external AC power source includes monitoring a line frequency of the line voltage.
12. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the predict the voltage zero-crossing of the line voltage from the external AC power source includes monitoring stored zero-crossing voltage transition data.
13. A rack power distribution unit comprising:
at least one power receptacle configured to enable attachment of an alternating current (AC) power cord of an external device to the power receptacle;
a power output module (POM) having a plurality of bistable relays and associated with the at least one power receptacle for supplying AC power to the at least one power receptacle from an external AC power source, each of the bistable relays having contacts able to be set to an open position and to a closed position, the POM configured to:
monitor a state of one of the plurality of bistable relays;
determine a load connection status over an open contact of the one of the plurality of bistable relays based on a change in at least one of RMS voltage or peak voltage;
predict a voltage zero-crossing of a line voltage from the external AC power source; and
close the open contact based on a determination of the load connection status and a predicted voltage zero crossing.
14. The rack power distribution unit as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the at least one AC power receptacle provides 120 volts.
15. The rack power distribution unit as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the POM is configured to predict the voltage zero-crossing of the line voltage from the external AC power source by monitoring a line frequency of the line voltage.
16. The rack power distribution unit as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the POM is configured to predict the voltage zero-crossing of the line voltage from the external AC power source by monitoring stored zero-crossing voltage transition data.
17. The rack power distribution unit of claim 13 , wherein the POM utilizes one or more control algorithms to determine the load connection status over the open contact of one of the plurality of bistable relays based on the change in at least one of RMS voltage or peak voltage.
18. The rack power distribution unit of claim 17 , wherein the one or more control algorithms is configured as firmware.
19. The rack power distribution unit of claim 13 , wherein the POM is configured to determine the load connection status via a load detection circuitry.
20. The rack power distribution unit of claim 19 , wherein the load detection circuity includes a plurality of resistors with known resistances and a difference amplifier configured to determine an output voltage based on a difference of two comparator voltages.