Commutation assistance by controlling the shape of the current wave in a bidirectional totem pole converter
A bidirectional PFC system includes a high-frequency branch with a first transistor connected between an IO node and a high-frequency tap, and a second transistor connected between the high-frequency tap and a reference node, and a low-frequency branch with a first thyristor connected between the IO node and a low-frequency tap, and a second thyristor connected between the low-frequency tap and the reference node. An inductor is connected between the first node and the high-frequency tap. A first capacitor is connected between the first node and the low-frequency tap. The first node and the low-frequency tap are coupled to input terminals. A control circuit generates first and second gate drive signals for the transistors so as to modify an AC signal at the input terminals such that the AC current falls below a holding current of the second thyristor prior to zero crossing of the AC voltage.
1. A bidirectional power factor correction system, comprising:
a high-frequency branch comprising: a first transistor connected between an IO node and a high-frequency tap, and a second transistor connected between the high-frequency tap and a reference node;
a low-frequency branch comprising: a first thyristor connected between the IO node and a low-frequency tap, and a second thyristor connected between the low-frequency tap and the reference node;
an inductor connected between a first node and the high-frequency tap;
a first capacitor connected between the first node and the low-frequency tap;
wherein the first node and the low-frequency tap are coupled to input terminals;
a control circuit configured to generate first and second gate drive signals for the first and second transistors of the high-frequency branch so as to modify an AC signal at the input terminals connected to the first node and the low-frequency tap such that an AC current of the AC signal falls below a holding current of the second thyristor prior to a zero crossing of an AC voltage of the AC signal at the input terminals;
wherein the control circuit modifies the AC signal by either:
generating the first and second gate drive signals so as to accelerate a decrease of an AC current waveform at the input terminals after a peak of a half-cycle of the AC current waveform so that the AC current waveform falls below a holding current of the second thyristor prior to a zero crossing of an AC voltage waveform at the input terminals; or
generating the first and second gate drive signals so as to create a plateau in the AC voltage waveform at the input terminals for a given period of time after a peak of a half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform so that the AC voltage waveform does not zero cross prior to the AC current waveform at the input terminals falls below a holding current of the second thyristor.
2. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is configured to:
accelerate the decrease of the AC current waveform after the peak of the half-cycle of the AC current waveform by comparing a digital reference current to a digital feedback current and generating the first and second gate drive signals based thereupon so that the digital feedback current matches the digital reference current, the digital feedback current being based upon the AC current waveform; or
create the plateau in the AC voltage waveform at the input terminals for the given period of time after the peak of the half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform by generating the first and second gate drive signals to cause the first and second transistors to apply an assist voltage to the AC voltage waveform during the given period of time.
3. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 2 , wherein the control circuit is configured to create the plateau in the AC voltage waveform at the input terminals for the given period of time after the peak of the half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform by comparing a digital reference voltage to a digital feedback voltage and generating the first and second gate drive signals based thereupon so that the digital feedback voltage matches the digital reference voltage, the digital feedback voltage being based upon the AC voltage waveform.
4. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 3 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a controller configured to: generate the digital reference current based upon stored data or generate the digital reference voltage based upon stored data;
a current comparator configured to generate a comparison signal based upon: comparing the digital reference current to the digital feedback current or comparing the digital reference voltage to the digital feedback voltage;
a fast proportional-integral controller configured to generate a pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal based upon the comparison signal;
a PWM circuit configured to generate gate pre-drive signals based upon the PWM control signal;
a gate driving circuit configured to generate the first and second gate drive signals based upon the gate pre-drive signals;
a scaling circuit configured to scale the AC current waveform to produce a scaled waveform; and
an analog to digital converter configured to digitize the scaled waveform to produce the digital feedback current or the digital feedback voltage.
5. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is further configured to generate third and fourth gate drive signals for the first and second thyristors.
6. A bidirectional power factor correction system, comprising:
a high-frequency branch comprising: a first transistor connected between an IO node and a high-frequency tap, and a second transistor connected between the high-frequency tap and a reference node;
a low-frequency branch comprising: a first thyristor connected between the IO node and a low-frequency tap, and a second thyristor connected between the low-frequency tap and the reference node;
an inductor connected between a first node and the high-frequency tap;
a first capacitor connected between the first node and the low-frequency tap;
wherein the first node and the low-frequency tap are coupled to input terminals connected to the first node and the low-frequency tap; and
a control circuit configured to generate first and second gate drive signals for the first and second transistors so as to create a plateau in an AC voltage waveform at the input terminals for a given period of time after a peak of a half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform so that the AC voltage waveform does not zero cross prior to an AC current waveform at the input terminals falls below a holding current of the second thyristor.
7. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 6 , wherein the control circuit is configured to create the plateau in the AC voltage waveform at the input terminals for the given period of time after the peak of the half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform by generating the first and second gate drive signals to cause the first and second transistors to apply an assist voltage to the AC voltage waveform during the given period of time.
8. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 7 , wherein the control circuit is configured to create the plateau in the AC voltage waveform at the input terminals for the given period of time after the peak of the half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform by comparing a digital reference voltage to a digital feedback voltage and generating the first and second gate drive signals based thereupon so that the digital feedback voltage matches the digital reference voltage, the digital feedback voltage being based upon the AC voltage waveform.
9. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a controller configured to generate the digital reference voltage based upon stored data;
a current comparator configured to generate a comparison signal based upon comparing the digital reference voltage to the digital feedback voltage;
a fast proportional-integral controller configured to generate a pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal based upon the comparison signal;
a PWM circuit configured to generate gate pre-drive signals based upon the PWM control signal;
a gate driving circuit configured to generate the first and second gate drive signals based upon the gate pre-drive signals;
a scaling circuit configured to scale the AC voltage waveform to produce a scaled waveform; and
an analog to digital converter configured to digitize the scaled waveform to produce the digital feedback voltage.
10. The bidirectional power factor correction system of claim 6 , wherein the control circuit is further configured to generate third and fourth gate drive signals for the first and second thyristors.
11. A power factor correction system, comprising:
an output node and a reference node;
a high-frequency branch comprising first and second transistors coupled between the output node and the reference node;
a low-frequency branch comprising first and second thyristors coupled between the output node and the reference node;
a filtering capacitor coupled to input terminals connected to respective tap nodes of the high-frequency branch and the low-frequency branch; and
a control circuit configured to:
generate a reference voltage waveform;
compare the reference voltage waveform to a feedback voltage across the filtering capacitor;
generate gate drive signals for the first and second transistors based on the comparison; and
apply an assist voltage to extend a half-cycle period of an AC voltage waveform at the input terminals, wherein the assist voltage is determined based at least in part on an inductance value, a capacitance value of the filtering capacitor, and a dead time parameter.
12. The power factor correction system of claim 11 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a voltage comparator configured to generate a comparison signal by comparing the reference voltage waveform to the feedback voltage;
a proportional-integral controller configured to generate a pulse width modulation control signal based on the comparison signal; and
a gate driver configured to generate the gate drive signals based on the pulse width modulation control signal.
13. The power factor correction system of claim 11 , further comprising an inductor coupled between the high-frequency branch and the input terminals.
14. The power factor correction system of claim 11 , wherein the control circuit is configured to:
store multiple reference voltage waveform tables corresponding to different voltage levels; and
select one of the multiple reference voltage waveform tables based on an operating condition of the power factor correction system.
15. The power factor correction system of claim 11 , wherein the assist voltage creates a plateau in the AC voltage waveform prior to a current through the second thyristor falling below a holding current threshold.