Hemostatic Foam
The invention is directed a hemostatic foam, to a process for preparing a biodegradable hemostatic foam, and to the use of said foam. The hemostatic foam comprises a blend of a chitosan hemostatic agent and a polymer, which polymer provides the foam with a porosity of 85-99% and a foam density of 0.01-0.2 g/cm 3 .
1 . Hemostatic foam comprising a blend of a chitosan hemostatic agent and a polymer, which polymer provides the foam with a porosity of 85-99% and a foam density of 0.01-0.2 g/cm 3 , wherein the foam density is calculated as the polymer mass per volume unit foam.
2 - 17 . (canceled)
18 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of said chitosan hemostatic agent is from 0.1 to 99 wt. % of the total weight of said hemostatic foam.
19 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said chitosan hemostatic agent is present in said hemostatic foam in the form of particles.
20 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 19 , wherein said particles have a size from 1-1000 μm.
21 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said chitosan hemostatic agent is chitosan or a chitosan salt.
22 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said chitosan hemostatic agent has a degree of deacetylation of 1-100 mol %.
23 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer is selected from the list consisting of polyesters, polyhydroxyacids, polylactones, polyetheresters, polycarbonates, polydioxanes, polyanhydrides, polyurethanes, polyester(ether)urethanes, polyurethane urea, polyamides, polyesteramides, poly-orthoesters, polyaminoacids, polyphosphonates, polyphosphazenes and combinations thereof.
24 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer is a phase-separated polymer comprising an amorphous segment and a crystalline segment, wherein at least said amorphous segment comprises a hydrophilic segment.
25 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 8 , wherein said phase-separated polymer is of formula (I):
[-R-Q 1 [-R′-Z 1 -[R″-Z 2 -R′″-Z 3 ] p -R″-Z 4 ] q -R′-Q 2 -] n (I)
wherein:
R is a polymer or copolymer selected from one or more aliphatic polyesters, polyether esters, polyethers, polyanhydrides, and/or polycarbonates, and at least one R comprises the hydrophilic segment;
R′, R″ and R′″ are independently C 2 -C 8 alkylene, optionally substituted with C 1 -C 10 alkyl or C 1 -C 10 alkyl groups substituted with protected S, N, P or O moieties and/or comprising S, N, P or O in the alkylene chain;
Z 1 -Z 4 are independently amide, urea or urethane;
Q 1 and Q 2 are independently urea, urethane, amide, carbonate, ester or anhydride;
n is an integer from 5-500; and
p and q are independently 0 or 1.
26 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said hemostatic agent is distributed at the boundaries of said chitosan hemostatic foam, or homogeneously throughout said hemostatic foam, or as a gradient within said hemostatic foam.
27 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said hemostatic foam is bioresorbable.
28 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer in the blend have a degree of cross-linking of 0.01 or lower.
29 . A process for preparing a hemostatic foam, said process comprising:
dissolving a phase-separated polymer in a solvent to obtain a polymer solution;
blending a chitosan hemostatic agent with the polymer solution to form a mixture; and
removing the solvent by freeze-drying.
30 . A process for preparing a hemostatic foam, comprising said chitosan hemostatic agent particles, said process comprising:
dissolving at least one synthetic polymer in one or more solvents to form a solution;
contacting chitosan hemostatic agent particles with said solution to form a polymer/particles mixture;
freeze-drying the polymer/particles mixture by freezing the polymer/particles mixture; and
subsequently subliming the one or more solvents to form the hemostatic foam comprising said chitosan hemostatic agent particles.
31 . Biodegradable hemostatic foam obtainable by the process according to claim 29 .
32 . A method of using the hemostatic foam according to claim 1 as a hemostatic sponge, as a wound dressing material, as a packing for antrums or other cavities of the human or animal body, as a nasal dressing, as a packing for the outer ear, as a drain, in general surgery or as a drug delivery vehicle.
33 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of said chitosan hemostatic agent is from 2 to 50 wt. % of the total weight of said hemostatic foam.
34 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said chitosan hemostatic agent is chitosan acetate.
35 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 1 , wherein said chitosan hemostatic agent has a degree of deacetylation of 5-50 mol %.
36 . A hemostatic foam according to claim 3 , wherein said particles have a size from 10-90 μm.