METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR DAILY OPHTHALMIC ADMINISTRATION OF PHENTOLAMINE TO IMPROVE VISUAL PERFORMANCE
The invention provides methods, compositions, and kits containing phentolamine for improving visual performance. In particular, the invention provides improvement in visual performance, such as improvement in visual acuity, by daily ophthalmic administration of a phentolamine solution to an eye of a patient at or near the bedtime of the patient for an extended duration while minimizing the occurrence of adverse side effects, such as eye redness during the patient's waking hours.
1 . A method of improving visual performance in a patient while minimizing eye redness during the patient's waking hours, comprising administering to an eye of a patient once per day at or near the bedtime of the patient for at least five consecutive days a daily dosage of phentolamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof sufficient to provide improved visual performance for at least twenty hours, wherein the patient experiences an increase in eye redness of no more than two grades measured using the CCLRU Redness Grading Scale during the patient's waking hours compared to the patient's level of eye redness without receiving said dosage.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the daily dosage is administered for at least seven consecutive days.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the daily dosage is sufficient to provide improved visual performance for at least twenty-four hours.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved visual acuity.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved visual acuity under scotopic conditions.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved visual acuity under mesopic conditions.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved visual acuity under photopic conditions.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved contrast sensitivity.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved contrast sensitivity under scotopic conditions.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in visual performance is improved contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient experiences an increase in eye redness of no more than one grade measured using the CCLRU Redness Grading Scale during the patient's waking hours compared to the patient's level of eye redness without receiving said dosage.
13 . A method of reducing pupil diameter in a patient while minimizing eye redness during the patient's waking hours, comprising administering to an eye of a patient once per day at or near the bedtime of the patient for at least five consecutive days a daily dosage of phentolamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof sufficient to reduce pupil diameter for at least twenty hours, wherein the patient experiences an increase in eye redness of no more than two grades measured using the CCLRU Redness Grading Scale during the patient's waking hours compared to the patient's level of eye redness without receiving said dosage.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the daily dosage is administered for at least seven consecutive days.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the daily dosage is sufficient to reduce pupil diameter for at least twenty-four hours.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the reduction in pupil diameter under mesopic conditions is at least 5% compared to the pupil diameter of the patient under the same mesopic conditions but not having received said dosage.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the reduction in pupil diameter under mesopic conditions is at least 10% compared to the pupil diameter of the patient under the same mesopic conditions but not having received said dosage.
18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the patient experiences a reduction in pupil diameter of at least 0.5 mm when measured under mesopic conditions relative to the diameter of the patient's pupil under the same mesopic conditions but not having received said dosage.
19 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the patient experiences a reduction in pupil diameter ranging from about 0.6 mm to about 3 mm when measured under mesopic conditions relative to the diameter of the patient's pupil under the same mesopic conditions but not having received said dosage.
20 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the patient experiences a reduction in pupil diameter ranging from about 0.6 mm to about 1.2 mm when measured under mesopic conditions relative to the diameter of the patient's pupil under the same mesopic conditions but not having received said dosage.
21 - 47 . (canceled)