IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,316,601
Granted Patent B2
US 12,316,601 · App. 18/211,553 · Granted May 27, 2025

Two tier DNS

Inventors: Sreeram Iyer (Bengaluru, IN); Murali Basavaiah (Los Altos, CA); Prasad Rao (Bengaluru, IN); Shyam Prasad Anisetti (Bengaluru, IN); Naveen Dhillon (Bengaluru, IN)
Assignee: VMWare LLC
H04L61/4511H04L67/1004
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,316,601
App. No.
18/211,553
Granted
May 27, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Some embodiments provide a two-tier DNS (Domain Name System) service for processing DNS requests. In some embodiments, the two-tier DNS service deploys first and second tiers of service machines, with the second-tier having several groups of service machines each of which is configured to resolve DNS requests for a different set of domain names than the other second-tier group(s). Each service machine in the first-tier is configured to identify the second-tier group responsible for each particular DNS request that the service machine receives for each particular domain name, and to forward the particular DNS request to the second-tier group that it identifies for the particular DNS request. The first-tier DNS service in some embodiments has only one group of service machines. Each first or second service machine group in some embodiments can have one or more service machines, and can be scaled up or down to add or remove service machines to the group (e.g., through an active/active layer 3 scaleout with BGP). In some embodiments, two different second-tier service groups can process DNS requests for two or more different FQDNs (fully qualified domain names) that are part of the same domain, and/or for two or more different FQDNs that are part of different domains.

Claims (44)

1. A method of processing DNS (Domain Name System) requests at a first network comprising a plurality of DNS servers, the method comprising:

at a first-tier DNS server:

selecting, from a plurality of second-tier DNS server groups responsible for a plurality of domain names, a second-tier DNS server group responsible for a particular domain name that is received in a DNS request from a client;

encapsulating the DNS request with an encapsulation header that stores a VIP (virtual IP) address of the selected second-tier DNS server group; and

forwarding the encapsulated DNS request through a network such that an intervening forwarding element receives the DNS request, selects one DNS server from the selected second-tier DNS server group for the DNS request, and forwards the encapsulated DNS request to the selected DNS server.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulation header encapsulates a data message that contains the DNS request and that was sent by the client, and the encapsulated data message stores source and destination IP addresses stored by the client in the data message for the selected DNS server to use as respectively destination and source IP addresses in a DNS reply that the selected DNS server sends back to the client.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the encapsulation header stores source and destination IP addresses stored by the client in the data message.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the data message comprises a header that stores source and destination IP addresses specified by the client.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intervening forwarding element is an intervening router that uses the VIP address to identify a next hop interface of the router that is associated with a path to the selected DNS server.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intervening forwarding element replaces the VIP address with an IP address of the selected DNS server before forwarding the encapsulated DNS request along the network to reach the selected DNS server.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the intervening forwarding element is a load balancer.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the network is a first network, the method further comprising:

advertising, to a second network external to the first network, a first IP (Internet Protocol) address associated with a DNS service that processes DNS requests; and

configuring a set of routers at the first network to direct DNS requests that are addressed to the first IP address to a first-tier DNS server group.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:

configuring each of the plurality of second-tier DNS server groups to resolve DNS requests for a different set of domain names than other second-tier groups; and

configuring each DNS server in the first tier to identify from a plurality of second-tier DNS server groups, one second-tier DNS server group that is responsible for processing for each DNS request.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the VIP address is an internal address of the first network that is not known by any device in the second network as being associated with any device in the first network, and the first address is an external address of the first network that is used by clients in the second network to access the DNS service of the first network.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first-tier server group and the selected second-tier server group are in one point of presence (POP).

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first-tier server group and the selected second-tier server group are respectively in first and second different point of presence (POP), with each POP being in a different geographic site.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

after forwarding a plurality of DNS requests for the particular domain name to the selected second-tier DNS group's second POP, configuring a particular second-tier DNS server group in the first POP for the particular domain name, and directing at least a subset of new DNS requests for the particular domain name to the particular second-tier DNS server group in the first POP.

14. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program which when executed by at least one processing unit processes DNS (Domain Name System) requests at a first network comprising a plurality of DNS servers, the program comprising sets of instructions for:

at a first-tier DNS server:

selecting, from a plurality of second-tier DNS server groups responsible for a plurality of domain names, a second-tier DNS server group responsible for a particular domain name that is received in a DNS request from a client;

encapsulating the DNS request with an encapsulation header that stores a VIP (virtual IP) address of the selected second-tier DNS server group; and

forwarding the encapsulated DNS request through a network such that an intervening forwarding element receives the DNS request, selects one DNS server from the selected second-tier DNS server group for the DNS request, and forwards the encapsulated DNS request to the selected DNS server.

15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the encapsulation header encapsulates a data message that contains the DNS request and that was sent by the client, and the encapsulated data message stores source and destination IP addresses stored by the client in the data message for the selected DNS server to use as respectively destination and source IP addresses in a DNS reply that the selected DNS server sends back to the client.

16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the encapsulation header stores source and destination IP addresses stored by the client in the data message.

17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the data message comprises a header that stores source and destination IP addresses specified by the client.

18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the intervening forwarding element is an intervening router that uses the VIP address to identify a next hop interface of the router that is associated with a path to the selected DNS server.

19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the intervening forwarding element replaces the VIP address with an IP address of the selected DNS server before forwarding the encapsulated DNS request along the network to reach the selected DNS server.

20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the intervening forwarding element is a load balancer.

21. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the network is a first network, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:

advertising, to a second network external to the first network, a first IP (Internet Protocol) address associated with a DNS service that processes DNS requests; and

configuring a set of routers at the first network to direct DNS requests that are addressed to the first IP address to a first-tier DNS server group.

22. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 21 , wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:

configuring each of the plurality of second-tier DNS server groups to resolve DNS requests for a different set of domain names than other second-tier groups; and

configuring each DNS server in the first tier to identify from a plurality of second-tier DNS server groups, one second-tier DNS server group that is responsible for processing for each DNS request.

23. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 21 , wherein the VIP address is an internal address of the first network that is not known by any device in the second network as being associated with any device in the first network, and the first address is an external address of the first network that is used by clients in the second network to access the DNS service of the first network.

24. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the first-tier server group and the selected second-tier server group are in one point of presence (POP).

25. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the first-tier server group and the selected second-tier server group are respectively in first and second different point of presence (POP), with each POP being in a different geographic site.

26. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 25 , wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for:

after forwarding a plurality of DNS requests for the particular domain name to the selected second-tier DNS group's second POP, configuring a particular second-tier DNS server group in the first POP for the particular domain name, and directing at least a subset of new DNS requests for the particular domain name to the particular second-tier DNS server group in the first POP.

Assignments (2)
CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Feb 27, 2024
From: VMWARE, INC.
To: VMWARE LLC
Reel/Frame 066692/0103 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Oct 2, 2023
From: IYER, SREERAM; BASAVAIAH, MURALI; RAO, PRASAD; ANISETTI, SHYAM PRASAD; DHILLON, NAVEEN
To: VMWARE, INC.
Reel/Frame 065090/0199 →
Priority Claims (1)
IN 202241040390 · Jul 14, 2022 · national
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20240022539A1 · Jan 18, 2024
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