NANOMATERIALS COMPRISING CARBONATES

1 . A compound of Formula I′:

or its N-oxide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein

L 1 is absent, C 1-6 alkylenyl, or C 2-6 heteroalkylenyl;

each L 2 is independently optionally substituted C 2-15 alkylenyl, or optionally substituted C 3-15 heteroalkylenyl;

L is absent, optionally substituted C 1-10 alkylenyl, or optionally substituted C 2-10 heteroalkylenyl;

L 3 is absent, optionally substituted C 1-10 alkylenyl, or optionally substituted C 2-10 heteroalkylenyl;

X is absent, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, or —OC(O)O—;

each R is independently hydrogen,

or an optionally substituted group selected from C

6-20 aliphatic, 3- to 12-membered cycloaliphatic, 7- to 12-membered bridged bicyclic comprising 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, sterolyl, and phenyl;

R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered cycloaliphatic, optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, —OR 2 , —C(O)OR 2 , —C(O)SR 2 , —OC(O)R 2 , —OC(O)OR 2 , —CN, —N(R 2 ) 2 , —C(O)N(R 2 ) 2 , —S(O) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 C(O)R 2 , —OC(O)N(R 2 ) 2 , —N(R 2 )C(O)OR 2 , —NR 2 S(O) 2 R 2 , —NR 2 C(O)N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 C(S)N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 C(NR 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 C(CHR 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 , —N(OR 2 )C(O)R 2 , —N(OR 2 )S(O) 2 R 2 , —N(OR 2 )C(O)OR 2 , —N(OR 2 )C(O)N(R 2 ) 2 , —N(OR 2 )C(S)N(R 2 ) 2 , —N(OR 2 )C(NR 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 , —N(OR 2 )C(CHR 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 , —C(NR 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 , —C(NR 2 )R 2 , —C(O)N(R 2 )OR 2 , —C(R 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 C(O)OR 2 , —CR 2 (R 3 ) 2 , —OP(O)(OR 2 ) 2 , or —P(O)(OR 2 ) 2 ; or

R 1 is

or a ring selected from 3- to 7-membered cycloaliphatic and 3- to 7-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, wherein the cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring is optionally substituted with 1-4 R

2 or R 3 groups;

each R 2 is independently hydrogen, oxo, —CN, —NO 2 , —OR 4 , —S(O) 2 R 4 , —S(O) 2 N(R 4 ) 2 , —(CH 2 ) n —R 4 , or an optionally substituted group selected from C 1-6 aliphatic, phenyl, 3- to 7-membered cycloaliphatic, 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and 3- to 7-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or

two occurrences of R 2 , taken together with the atom(s) to which they are attached, form optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl comprising 0-1 additional heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;

each R 3 is independently —(CH 2 ) n —R 4 ; or

two occurrences of R 3 , taken together with the atom(s) to which they are attached, form optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 0-1 additional heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;

each R 4 is independently hydrogen, —OR 5 , —N(R 5 ) 2 , —OC(O)R 5 , —OC(O)OR 5 , —CN, —C(O)N(R 5 ) 2 , —NR 5 C(O)R 5 , —OC(O)N(R 5 ) 2 , —N(R 5 )C(O)OR 5 , —NR 5 S(O) 2 R 5 , —NR 5 C(O)N(R 5 ) 2 , —NR 5 C(S)N(R 5 ) 2 , —NR 5 C(NR 5 )N(R 5 ) 2 , or

each R 5 is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic; or

two occurrences of R 5 , taken together with the atom(s) to which they are attached, form optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered heterocyclyl comprising 0-1 additional heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;

each R 6 is independently C 4-12 aliphatic; and

each n is independently 0 to 4.

2 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is of Formula I-a:

or its N-oxide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is of Formula I-b:

or its N-oxide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is of Formula I-c:

or its N-oxide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

5 - 6 . (canceled)

7 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L 1 is C 1-5 alkylenyl.

8 - 9 . (canceled)

10 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each L 2 is independently C 4-8 alkylenyl.

11 . (canceled)

12 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L is absent.

13 . (canceled)

14 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L is C 1-10 alkylenyl.

15 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L 3 is absent.

16 . (canceled)

17 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L 3 is C 1-10 alkylenyl.

18 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each R is independently hydrogen,

C

6-20 haloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted group selected from C 6-20 alkynyl, 4- to 7-membered cycloaliphatic, and 1-adamantyl.

19 - 26 . (canceled)

27 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each of —L—R and —L 3 —R is independently selected from the group consisting of

.

28 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is —OR 2 , —OC(O)OR 2 , —NR 2 C(O)R 2 , —NR 2 S(O) 2 R 2 , —NR 2 C(O)N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 C(S)N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 C(NR 2 )N(R 2 ) 2 ,

or —CR

2 (OR 2 )R 3 .

29 . (canceled)

30 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each R 2 is independently hydrogen, —CN, or —(CH 2 ) n —R 4 .

31 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each R 3 is independently —(CH 2 ) n —R 4 .

32 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each R 4 is independently —OR 5 , —N(R 5 ) 2 , —NR 5 C(O)R 5 , —NR 5 C(S)N(R 5 ) 2 , or

.

33 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each R 5 is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C 1-6 aliphatic.

34 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein each R 6 is independently C 6-8 aliphatic.

35 . The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of

.

36 . A compound selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

37 . A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation comprising an ionizable lipid, wherein the ionizable lipid is a compound according to claim 1 .

38 . A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation comprising an ionizable lipid, wherein the ionizable lipid is a compound according to claim 36 .

39 - 45 . (canceled)

46 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a LNP preparation of claim 37 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

47 . A method for administering a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent to a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering the LNP preparation of claim 37 to the subject.

48 . A method for treating a disease or a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering the LNP preparation of claim 37 to the subject, wherein the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is effective to treat the disease.

49 . (canceled)

50 . A method of delivering a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent to a mammalian cell derived from a subject, the method comprising contacting the cell of the subject having been administered the LNP preparation of claim 37 .

51 . A method of producing a polypeptide of interest in a mammalian cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with the LNP preparation of claim 37 , wherein the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is or comprises an mRNA, and wherein the mRNA encodes the polypeptide of interest, whereby the mRNA is capable of being translated in the cell to produce the polypeptide of interest.

52 . A method of inhibiting production of a polypeptide of interest in a mammalian cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with the LNP preparation of claim 37 , wherein the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is or comprises an RNA, whereby the RNA is capable of inhibiting production of the polypeptide of interest.

53 . A method of specifically delivering a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent to a mammalian organ, the method comprising contacting a mammalian organ with the LNP preparation of claim 37 , whereby the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is delivered to the organ.

54 - 56 . (canceled)