IP Library Granted Patent US 12,494,695
Granted Patent B2
US 12,494,695 · App. 18/217,442 · Granted Dec 9, 2025

Encoderless vector control for VFD in hydraulic fracturing applications

Inventors: Lon Robinson (Houston, TX); Jared Oehring (Houston, TX); Brandon N. Hinderliter (Houston, TX)
Assignee: U.S. WELL SERVICES, LLC
H02K7/1823H02K7/14H02K11/33E21B43/2607E21B43/283F01D15/10F04B17/03F05D2220/32F05D2260/83H02P21/05H02P23/0004
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,494,695
App. No.
18/217,442
Granted
Dec 9, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

A system and a method for use of electric motors in fracturing operations are disclosed. The system includes an electric motor, a turbine generator, an encoderless vector control subsystem, and at least one pump. The turbine generator is adapted to generate electric power for the system. The encoderless vector control subsystem is coupled between the turbine generator and the electric motor to control the electric motor using determined parameters that are based in part on vibration induced in a feature associated with the turbine generator. The at least one pump is adapted to receive torque input from the electric motor.

Claims (37)

1 . A system for use in fracturing operations, the system comprising:

memory comprising instructions; and

at least one processor to execute the instructions to cause the system to:

estimate, in a testing environment, values to be associated with parameters associated with vibrations in the system, the vibrations measured using oscillation alarms;

determine a subset of the parameters based in part on their respective values causing the vibrations to be maintained below a threshold, the threshold to be set using the oscillation alarms; and

enable an encoderless vector control subsystem to receive electric power from a power source and to control an electric motor for the fracturing operations, based at least in part on the subset of the parameters.

2 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a vibration sensor for monitoring the vibrations induced in a feature associated with a turbine of the power source in the testing environment.

3 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a vibration sensor associated with a body of the power source for monitoring the vibrations induced in the body of a turbine of the power source, in part, due to a feedback resonance received to the turbine.

4 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

an encoderless variable frequency drive (VFD) functioning as the encoderless vector control subsystem.

5 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a machine interface to receive the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem and to enable application of the subset of the parameters to the electric motor prior to engagement of a load with the electric motor.

6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem are determined based in part on the oscillation alarm values for the vibrations that occurs over a period of time and within a predetermined range of the oscillation alarm values that is below the threshold.

7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem are determined based in part on the oscillation alarm values for the vibration that occurs over a period of time and within a predetermined number of the oscillation alarm values that is below the threshold.

8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem are selected from at least speed values, motor values, and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control values.

9 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

one or more triplex, quintuplex, novemplex, or septuplex plunger pumps adapted to receive a torque input from the electric motor.

10 . A processor-implemented method for using electric pumps in fracturing operations comprising:

estimating, in a testing environment and using at least one processor, values to be associated with parameters associated with vibrations in a system for use in fracturing operations, the vibrations measured using oscillation alarms of the system;

determining a subset of the parameters based in part on their respective values causing the vibrations to be maintained below a threshold, the threshold to be set using the oscillation alarms; and

enabling an encoderless vector control subsystem to receive electric power from a power source and to control an electric motor for the fracturing operations, based at least in part on the subset of the parameters.

11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

monitoring, using a vibration sensor, the vibrations induced in a feature associated with a turbine of the power source in the testing environment.

12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

monitoring, using a vibration sensor associated with a body of the power source, the vibrations induced in the body of a turbine of the power source, in part, due to a feedback resonance received to the turbine.

13 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

using an encoderless variable frequency drive (VFD) as the encoderless vector control subsystem.

14 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

enabling a machine interface to receive the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem; and

applying, using the at least one processor, the subset of the parameters to the electric motor prior to engagement of a load with the electric motor.

15 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem are determined based in part on the oscillation alarm values for the vibrations that occurs over a period of time and within a predetermined range of the oscillation alarm values that is below the threshold.

16 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem are determined based in part on the oscillation alarm values for the vibration that occurs over a period of time and within a predetermined number of the oscillation alarm values that is below the threshold.

17 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the subset of the parameters for the encoderless vector control subsystem are selected from at least speed values, motor values, and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control values.

18 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

engaging one or more triplex, quintuplex, novemplex, or septuplex plunger pumps adapted to receive a torque input from the electric motor.

Assignments (2)
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Jan 11, 2024
From: PROFRAC SERVICES, LLC; U.S. WELL SERVICES, LLC; BEST PUMP AND FLOW, LLC
To: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
Reel/Frame 066104/0536 →
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SECURITY AGREEMENT Recorded Jan 3, 2024
From: FTS INTERNATIONAL SERVICES, LLC; U.S. WELL SERVICES, LLC; PROFRAC SERVICES, LLC; U.S. WELL SERVICES HOLDINGS, LLC; BEST PUMP AND FLOW, LLC
To: U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 066186/0752 →
Continuity (3)
Continuation 16873583 · May 12, 2020
Provisional Application 62847022 · May 13, 2019
Related Publication 20230353017A1 · Nov 2, 2023
References Cited (400)
US 1541601A · Tribe · 1925 [cited by applicant]
US 1656861A · Leonard · 1928 [cited by applicant]
US 1671436A · Melott · 1928 [cited by applicant]
US 1743771A · Hall et al. · 1930 [cited by applicant]
US 1967466A · Damsel · 1934 [cited by applicant]
US 2004077A · McCartney et al. · 1935 [cited by applicant]
US 2183364A · Bailey · 1939 [cited by applicant]
US 2220622A · Aitken · 1940 [cited by applicant]
US 2237812A · De Blieux et al. · 1941 [cited by applicant]
US 2244106A · Granberg · 1941 [cited by applicant]
US 2248051A · Armstrong · 1941 [cited by applicant]
US 2389328A · Stilwell · 1945 [cited by applicant]
US 2407796A · Page · 1946 [cited by applicant]
US 2416848A · Rothery · 1947 [cited by applicant]
US 2610741A · Schmid · 1952 [cited by applicant]
US 2753940A · Bonner · 1956 [cited by applicant]
US 2852600A · Jenkins, Jr. · 1958 [cited by applicant]
US 2976025A · Pro · 1961 [cited by applicant]
US 3055682A · Bacher et al. · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US 3061039A · Peters · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US 3066503A · Fleming et al. · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US 3116086A · Barengoltz · 1963 [cited by applicant]
US 3302069A · Webster · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3334495A · Jensen et al. · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3347570A · Roessler · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3601198A · Ahearn et al. · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3722595A · Kiel · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3764233A · Strickland · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3773140A · Mahajan et al. · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3794846A · Schlicher et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3837179A · Barth · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3849662A · Blaskowski et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3878884A · Raleigh · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3881551A · Terry et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3967841A · Kendrick et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3978877A · Cox · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4037431A · Sugimoto · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4066869A · Apaloo et al. · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4100822A · Rosman · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4151575A · Hogue · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4226299A · Hansen · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4265266A · Kierbow et al. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4411313A · Johnson et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4421975A · Stein · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4432064A · Barker et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4442665A · Fick et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4456092A · Kubozuka et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4506982A · Smithers et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4512387A · Rodriguez et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4529887A · Johnson · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4538916A · Zimmerman · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4562360A · Fujimoto · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4601629A · Zimmerman · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4676063A · Goebel et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4759674A · Schroder · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4768884A · Elkin · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4783038A · Gilbert et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4793386A · Sloan · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4845981A · Pearson · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4877956A · Priest · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4898473A · Stegemoeller et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4922463A · Del Zotto et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5004400A · Handke · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5006044A · Walker, Sr. et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5025861A · Huber et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5050673A · Baldridge · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5114239A · Allen · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5130628A · Owen · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5131472A · Dees et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5134328A · Johnatakis et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5172009A · Mohan · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5189388A · Mosley et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5230366A · Marandi · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5293947A · Stratton · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5334898A · Skybyk · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5334899A · Skybyk · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5366324A · Arlt · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5422550A · McClanahan et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5433243A · Griswold et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5439066A · Gipson · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5486047A · Zimmerman · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5517593A · Nenniger et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5517822A · Haws et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5548093A · Sato et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5549285A · Collins · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5590976A · Kilheffer et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5606853A · Birch · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5655361A · Kishi · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5712802A · Kumar et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5736838A · Dove et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5755096A · Holleyman · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5790972A · Kohlenberger · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5791636A · Loziuk · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5798596A · Lordo · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5813455A · Pratt et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5865247A · Paterson et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5879137A · Yie · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5894888A · Wiemers et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5907970A · Havlovick et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5950726A · Roberts · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6007227A · Carlson · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6035265A · Dister et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6059539A · Nyilas et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6097310A · Harrell et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6116040A · Stark · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6121705A · Hoong · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6138764A · Scarsdale et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6142878A · Barin · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6164910A · Mayleben · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6167965B1 · Bearden et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6202702B1 · Ohira et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6208098B1 · Kume et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6254462B1 · Kelton et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6271637B1 · Kushion · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6273193B1 · Hermann et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6315523B1 · Mills · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6321860B1 · Reddoch · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6406011B1 · Kosar et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6442942B1 · Kopko · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6477852B2 · Dodo et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6484490B1 · Olsen · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6491098B1 · Dallas · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6510695B1 · Fisher · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6529135B1 · Bowers et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6585455B1 · Petersen et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6626646B2 · Rajewski · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6633727B2 · Henrie et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6719900B2 · Hawkins · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6765304B2 · Baten et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6776227B2 · Beida et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6786051B2 · Kristich et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6788022B2 · Sopko et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6802690B2 · Han et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6808303B2 · Fisher · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6837910B1 · Yoshikawa et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6857486B2 · Chitwood et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6931310B2 · Shimizu et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6936947B1 · Leijon · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6985750B1 · Vicknair et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7006792B2 · Wilson · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7011152B2 · Soelvik · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7082993B2 · Ayoub · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7104233B2 · Ryczek et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7170262B2 · Pettigrew · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7173399B2 · Sihler et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7279655B2 · Blutke et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7308933B1 · Mayfield · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7309835B2 · Morrison et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7312593B1 · Streicher et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7336514B2 · Amarillas et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7341287B2 · Gibb et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7445041B2 · O'Brien · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7494263B2 · Dykstra et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7500642B2 · Cunningham et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7525264B2 · Dodge · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7563076B2 · Brunet et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7581379B2 · Yoshida · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7660648B2 · Dykstra · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7675189B2 · Grenier · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7683499B2 · Saucier · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7717193B2 · Egilsson et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7755310B2 · West et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7770396B2 · Roby et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7795830B2 · Johnson · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7807048B2 · Collette · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7835140B2 · Mori · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7845413B2 · Shampine et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7900893B2 · Teurlay et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7901314B2 · Salvaire et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7926562B2 · Poitzsch · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7940039B2 · De Buda · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7949483B2 · Discenzo et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7971650B2 · Yuratich et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7977824B2 · Halen et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7984757B1 · Keast · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8037936B2 · Neuroth et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8054084B2 · Schulz et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8069710B2 · Dodd et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8083504B2 · Williams et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8091928B2 · Carrier et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8096354B2 · Poitzsch · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8096891B2 · Lochtefeld et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8139383B2 · Efraimsson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8146665B2 · Neal · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8154419B2 · Daussin et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8174853B2 · Kane et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8221513B2 · Ariyapadi et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8232892B2 · Overholt et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8261528B2 · Chillar et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8272439B2 · Strickland · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8310272B2 · Quarto · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8354817B2 · Yeh et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8379424B2 · Grbovic · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8469097B2 · Cochran et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8474521B2 · Kajaria et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US RE44444E · Dole et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8503180B2 · Nojima · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8506267B2 · Gambier et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8534235B2 · Chandler · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8534366B2 · Fielder et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8556302B2 · Dole · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8573303B2 · Kerfoot · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8596056B2 · Woodmansee et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8616005B1 · Cousino · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8616274B2 · Belcher et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8622128B2 · Hegeman · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8628627B2 · Sales et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8646521B2 · Bowen · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8692408B2 · Zhang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8727068B2 · Bruin · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8727737B2 · Seitter · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8727783B2 · Chen · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8760657B2 · Pope et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8763387B2 · Schmidt · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8774972B2 · Rusnak et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8789601B2 · Broussard et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8789609B2 · Smith et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8795525B2 · McGinnis et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8800652B2 · Bartko · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8807960B2 · Stephenson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8838341B2 · Kumano · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8851860B1 · Mail · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8857506B2 · Stone, Jr. et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8874383B2 · Gambier et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8893787B2 · Tips et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8899940B2 · Laugemors et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8905056B2 · Kendrick · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8905138B2 · Lundstedt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8997904B2 · Cryer et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9018881B2 · Mao et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9051822B2 · Ayan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9051923B2 · Kuo · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9061223B2 · Winborn · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9062545B2 · Roberts et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9067182B2 · Nichols et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9080412B2 · Wetzel et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9103193B2 · Coli et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9119326B2 · McDonnell · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9121257B2 · Coli et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9140105B2 · Pattillo · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9140110B2 · Coli et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9160168B2 · Chapel · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9260253B2 · Naizer et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9322239B2 · Angeles Boza et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9324049B2 · Thomeer · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9340353B2 · Oren et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9353593B1 · Lu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9366114B2 · Coli et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9410410B2 · Broussard et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9450385B2 · Kristensen · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9475020B2 · Coli et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9475021B2 · Coli et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9475840B2 · Lledóet al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9482086B2 · Richardson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9499335B2 · Mclver et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9506333B2 · Castillo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9513055B1 · Seal · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9534473B2 · Morris et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9562420B2 · Morris et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9587649B2 · Oehring · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9611728B2 · Oehring · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9650871B2 · Oehring et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9650879B2 · Broussard et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9706185B2 · Ellis · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9728354B2 · Skolozdra · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9738461B2 · DeGaray et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9739546B2 · Bertilsson et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9745840B2 · Oehring et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9790858B2 · Kanebako · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9822631B2 · Ravi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9840897B2 · Larson · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9840901B2 · Oehring et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9841026B2 · Stinessen et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9863228B2 · Shampine et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US RE46725E · Case et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9893500B2 · Oehring et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9903190B2 · Conrad et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9909398B2 · Pham · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9915128B2 · Hunter · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9932799B2 · Symchuk · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9945365B2 · Hernandez et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9963961B2 · Hardin · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9970278B2 · Broussard et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9976351B2 · Randall · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9995218B2 · Oehring et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10008880B2 · Vicknair · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10020711B2 · Oehring et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10036238B2 · Oehring · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10107086B2 · Oehring et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10119381B2 · Oehring et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10167863B1 · Cook et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10184465B2 · Enis et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10196878B2 · Hunter · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10221639B2 · Romer et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10227854B2 · Glass · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10232332B2 · Oehring · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10246984B2 · Payne · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10254732B2 · Oehring et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10260327B2 · Kajaria · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10280724B2 · Hinderliter · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10287873B2 · Filas · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10302079B2 · Kendrick · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10309205B2 · Randall · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10337308B2 · Broussard et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10371012B2 · Davis · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10378326B2 · Morris · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10393108B2 · Chong · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10407990B2 · Oehring · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10408030B2 · Oehring et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10408031B2 · Oehring et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10415332B2 · Morris et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10436026B2 · Ounadjela · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10443660B2 · Harris · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10526882B2 · Oehring et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10627003B2 · Dale et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10648270B2 · Brunty et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10648311B2 · Oehring et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10669471B2 · Schmidt et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10669804B2 · Kotrla et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10686301B2 · Oehring et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10690131B2 · Rashid et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10695950B2 · Igo et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10711576B2 · Bishop · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10731561B2 · Oehring et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10740730B2 · Altamirano et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10767561B2 · Brady · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10781752B2 · Kikkawa et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10794165B2 · Fischer et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10934824B2 · Oehring et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10988998B2 · Fischer et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11091992B2 · Broussard · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20010000996A1 · Grimland et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020169523A1 · Ross et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030056514A1 · Lohn · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030057704A1 · Baten et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030079875A1 · Weng · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030138327A1 · Jones et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040040746A1 · Niedermayr et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040045703A1 · Hooper et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040102109A1 · Cratty et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040167738A1 · Miller · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040212679A1 · Jun · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050061548A1 · Hooper · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050116541A1 · Seiver · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050201197A1 · Duell et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050274508A1 · Folk et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060052903A1 · Bassett · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060065319A1 · Csitari · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060109141A1 · Huang et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070125544A1 · Robinson et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070131410A1 · Hill et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070151731A1 · Butler et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070187163A1 · Cone et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070201305A1 · Heilman et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070204991A1 · Loree et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070226089A1 · DeGaray et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070277982A1 · Shampine et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070278140A1 · Mallet et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080017369A1 · Sarada · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080041596A1 · Blount · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080066911A1 · Luharuka et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080095644A1 · Mantei et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080112802A1 · Orlando et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080137266A1 · Jensen et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080142304A1 · Schutz et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080164023A1 · Dykstra et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080187444A1 · Molotkov et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080208478A1 · Ella et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080217024A1 · Moore · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080236818A1 · Dykstra · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080257449A1 · Weinstein et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080264625A1 · Ochoa · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080264649A1 · Crawford · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080277120A1 · Hickie · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080288115A1 · Rusnak et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080303469A1 · Nojima · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090045782A1 · Datta et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090065299A1 · Vito et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090068031A1 · Gambier et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090068301A1 · Huang · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090072645A1 · Quere · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090078410A1 · Krenek et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090093317A1 · Kajiwara et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090095482A1 · Surjaatmadja · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090101410A1 · Egilsson et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090114392A1 · Tolman et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090122578A1 · Beltran · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090145611A1 · Pallini, Jr. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090153354A1 · Daussin et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090188181A1 · Forbis et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090194273A1 · Surjaatmadja et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090200035A1 · Bjerkreim et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090200290A1 · Cardinal et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090260826A1 · Sherwood et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090308602A1 · Bruins et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090315297A1 · Nadeau et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100000508A1 · Chandler · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100019574A1 · Baldassarre et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100038077A1 · Heilman et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100038907A1 · Hunt · 2010 [cited by applicant]