NANOMATERIALS COMPRISING AN IONIZABLE LIPID

1 . A compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

each L 1 and L 1′ is independently —C(O)— or —C(O)O—;

each L 2 and L 2′ is independently a covalent bond, an optionally substituted bivalent saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon chain, or

each Cy A is independently an optionally substituted ring selected from phenylene and a 3- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclene;

each m is independently 0, 1, or 2;

each L 3 and L 3′ is independently a covalent bond, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —O—, or —OC(O)O—;

each R 1 and R 1′ is independently an optionally substituted group selected from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 1-3 methylene units are optionally and independently replaced with —O— or —NR—, a 3- to 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, sterolyl, phenyl, and

each L 4 is independently a bivalent saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon chain;

each A 1 and A 2 is independently an optionally substituted C 1 -C 20 aliphatic or -L 5 -R 5 ;

or A 1 and A 2 , together with their intervening atoms, may form an optionally substituted ring:

wherein

x is 1 or 2; and

# represents the point of attachment to L 4 ;

each L 5 is independently a bivalent saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 1-3 methylene units are optionally and independently replaced with —O— or —NR—;

each R 5 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from a 5- to 10-membered aryl ring and a 3- to 8-membered carbocyclic ring;

X 1 is a covalent bond, —O—, or —NR—;

X 2 is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted, bivalent saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 1-3 methylene units are optionally and independently replaced with —O— or —NR—;

X 3 is hydrogen or -Cy B ;

Cy B is an optionally substituted ring selected from 3- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl, phenyl, 3- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and

each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 aliphatic group;

provided that when X 3 is hydrogen, at least one of R 1 or R 1′ is

2 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is of Formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 and R 1′ is independently an optionally substituted group selected from a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbon chain, wherein 1-3 methylene units are optionally and independently replaced with —O— or —NR—, a 3- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, sterolyl, and phenyl.

4 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 and R 1′ is independently selected from:

5 . (canceled)

6 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein L 1 and L 1′ are —C(O)—.

7 - 10 . (canceled)

11 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is —NR—.

12 . (canceled)

13 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is —O—.

14 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 2 is an optionally substituted, bivalent saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon chain.

15 . (canceled)

16 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each L 2 and L 2′ is independently a covalent bond, an optionally substituted bivalent saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon chain, or

17 . The compound of claim 16 , wherein Cy A is cyclohexylene or phenylene.

18 . (canceled)

19 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein L 2 and L 2′ are covalent bonds.

20 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each L 3 and L 3′ is independently a covalent bond or —C(O)O—.

21 . The compound of claim 20 , wherein L 3 and L 3′ are covalent bonds.

22 . (canceled)

23 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each L 4 is independently methylene, ethylene, or propylene.

24 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each A 1 and A 2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted C 1 -C 2M aliphatic.

25 . (canceled)

26 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein each A 1 and A 2 is independently selected from:

27 . (canceled)

28 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein Cy B is an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

29 - 30 . (canceled)

31 . The compound of claim 28 , wherein Cy B is an optionally substituted ring selected from:

which is optionally substituted with C 1 -C 6 aliphatic.

32 - 33 . (canceled)

34 . A compound selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

35 . A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation comprising an ionizable lipid, wherein the ionizable lipid is a compound according to claim 1 .

36 . A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) preparation comprising

an ionizable lipid, wherein the ionizable lipid is a compound according to claim 34 .

37 - 43 . (canceled)

44 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a LNP preparation of claim 35 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

45 . A method for administering a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent to a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering the LNP preparation of claim 35 to the subject.

46 . A method for treating a disease or a disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering the LNP preparation of claim 35 to the subject, wherein the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is effective to treat the disease.

47 . (canceled)

48 . A method of delivering a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent to a mammalian cell derived from a subject, the method comprising contacting the cell of the subject having been administered the LNP preparation of claim 35 .

49 . A method of producing a polypeptide of interest in a mammalian cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with the LNP preparation of claim 35 , wherein the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is or comprises an mRNA, and wherein the mRNA encodes the polypeptide of interest, whereby the mRNA is capable of being translated in the cell to produce the polypeptide of interest.

50 . A method of inhibiting production of a polypeptide of interest in a mammalian cell, the method comprising contacting the cell with the LNP preparation of claim 35 , wherein the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is or comprises an RNA, whereby the RNA is capable of inhibiting production of the polypeptide of interest.

51 . A method of specifically delivering a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent to a mammalian organ, the method comprising contacting a mammalian organ with the LNP preparation of claim 35 , whereby the therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent is delivered to the organ.

52 - 54 . (canceled)

55 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is

56 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein both R 1 and R 1′ are