Processed leguminous materials
Disclosed are methods of processing raw leguminous materials, such as pea flour, pea concentrate, or pea isolate, to reduce non-volatile flavor components and in particular bound saponin compounds. The methods includes select processing steps by steam cooking a raw slurry to form a cooked slurry and drying the cooked slurry to form a processed material. An amount of non-volatile flavor components in the processed material is less than an amount of non-volatile flavor components in the raw materials.
1. A method of processing a raw pea composition to reduce non-volatile flavor components to form a deflavored pea composition, the method comprising:
steam cooking a raw pea slurry having about 10 to about 33 weight percent solids to form a cooked pea slurry;
drum drying the cooked pea slurry to form the deflavored pea composition;
wherein the steam cooking is at a temperature of about 150° F. to about 300° F., a time of about 30 seconds to about 10 minutes, and a back pressure of about 5 psi to about 60 psi, wherein the drum drying is at a temperature of 100° F. to 280° F. for 2 minutes to 15 minutes;
wherein an amount of bound saponins in the deflavored pea composition is reduced by about 50 to about 95 percent as compared to an amount of bound saponins in the raw pea slurry; and
wherein the deflavored pea composition has about 10 to about 150 ppm of bound saponins associated with compounds having a molecular weight of greater than about 25 kDa.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a protein content in the deflavored pea composition is in an amount of about 25 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the deflavored pea composition.
3. The method of claim 1 , further including about 10 to about 1500 ppm of total saponins including both the bound saponins and free sapoins in the deflavored pea composition.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bound saponins are associated with compounds having a molecular weight between about 25 kDa and about 50 kDa.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the raw pea slurry has a protein content, but no more than about 60 weight percent protein.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of flash cooling the cooked pea slurry before the step of drying.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the raw pea slurry includes water and raw peas in a ratio of about 2:1 to about 10:1 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the raw pea slurry comprises a solids content in an amount of about 10 percent to about 40 percent by weight of the raw pea slurry.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising hydrating a raw pea flour to form the raw pea slurry.