Method of forming refrigerant systems
Methods for improving a refrigeration systems comprising modifying the system and replacing existing refrigerant with a replacement refrigerant comprising: (1) at least about 50% by weight of R1234ze(E); (2) greater than 0% to about 11% of HFC-134a, HFC-134, HFC-227ea, HFC-125, and combinations of two or more of these; and (3) from about 4% to about 20% by weight of HFO-1336mzz(E), HFO-1224yd(Z), and combinations of these, wherein said second refrigerant: (i) has an Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) greater than 400; (ii) is classified as class A1 by ASHRAE Standard 34; and (iii) has a GWP of about 150 or less.
1. A method for improving a heat transfer system, wherein said heat transfer system comprises:
(iii) an existing refrigerant having a GWP of greater than 150; and
(iv) an existing refrigeration circuit comprising, in order of refrigerant flow, at least one evaporator located in or near a refrigerated space containing products accessible to consumers, at least one compressor, at least one condenser, and at least one expansion device;
wherein said method comprises:
(a) installing a subcooling refrigeration circuit comprising a subcooling refrigerant and, in order of flow, a compressor, a heat exchanger for expelling heat from the subcooling refrigerant, an expansion device, and a subcooling heat exchanger, wherein:
a. said subcooling heat exchanger thermally connects said subcooling refrigeration circuit and said existing refrigeration circuit between said at least one condenser and said at least one expansion device of the existing refrigeration circuit; and
b. said subcooling heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the existing refrigeration circuit to the subcooling refrigeration circuit; and
(b) replacing said existing refrigerant with a replacement refrigerant comprising: (1) at least about 50% by weight of R1234ze(E); (2) greater than 0% to about 11% of HFC-134a, HFC-134, HFC-227ea, HFC-125, and combinations of two or more of these; and (3) from about 4% to about 20% by weight of HFO-1336mzz(E), HFO-1224yd(Z), and combinations of these, wherein said replacement refrigerant: (i) has an Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) greater than 400; (ii) is classified as class A1 by ASHRAE Standard 34; and (iii) has a GWP of about 150 or less.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said replacement refrigerant is selected from R471A, R476A, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said replacement refrigerant is selected from R471A, R476A and B6.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said existing refrigerant is selected from R404A, R407, R448, R449, R454, R513, R22 and 134a.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the existing refrigerant is selected from R404A, R407, R448, R449, R454, R513, R22 and 134a;
the replacement refrigerant is selected from R471A, R476A, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6; and
the subcooling refrigerant is selected from R455A, R454C, propane, R1234yf, R152a, R1234ze, R471A, R476A and B6.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the existing refrigerant is selected from R404A, R134a and R448A;
the replacement refrigerant is selected from R471A, R476A and B6; and
the subcooling refrigerant is selected from R455A, R454C, R1234yf and R1234ze.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the existing refrigerant is R404A;
the replacement refrigerant is R471a; and
the subcooling refrigerant is selected from R455A, R454C, propane, R1234yf, R152a, R1234ze, R471A, R476A and B6.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the existing refrigerant is R404A;
the replacement refrigerant is R471a; and
the subcooling refrigerant is selected from R455A, R454C, R1234yf and R1234ze.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the existing refrigerant is R404A;
the replacement refrigerant is R471a; and
the subcooling refrigerant is R455A.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the existing refrigerant is R404A;
the replacement refrigerant is R471a; and
the subcooling refrigerant is R454C.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the replacement refrigerant is used in conjunction with a lubricant selected from polyol esters (POEs), mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVE) and poly(alpha-olefins) (PAO).
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the replacement refrigerant is used in conjunction with a poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) lubricant.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the replacement refrigerant is used in conjunction with a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the subcooling refrigerant is used in conjunction with a lubricant selected from polyol esters (POEs), mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVE) and poly(alpha-olefins) (PAO).
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the subcooling refrigerant is used in conjunction with a poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) lubricant.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the subcooling refrigerant is used in conjunction with a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the subcooling refrigerant and the replacement refrigerant are used in conjunction with a lubricant independently selected from polyol esters (POEs), mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVE) and poly(alpha-olefins) (PAO).
18. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the replacement refrigerant is used in conjunction with a poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) lubricant; and
the subcooling refrigerant is used in conjunction with a poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) lubricant.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the replacement refrigerant is used in conjunction with a poly(alkylene glycol) (PAG) lubricant; and
the subcooling refrigerant is used in conjunction with a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant.
20. The method claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises:
removing at least a portion of a fluid connection between said at least one evaporator and said at least one expansion device of the existing refrigerant circuit; and
installing a replacement fluid connection in which refrigerant passes through the subcooling heat exchanger during passage through the fluid connection.