Filter circuitry using ferroelectric tunable acoustic resonator
The present disclosure relates to filter circuitry, which includes a first node and a second node, a series resonator coupled between the first node and the second node, and a compensation circuit coupled in parallel with the series resonator and located between the first node and the second node. Herein, the compensation circuit includes a tunable acoustic resonator with at least one transduction structure. The at least one transduction structure includes at least one ferroelectric material, and polarization of the at least one ferroelectric material varies with an electric field across the at least one ferroelectric material. Upon adjusting a direct current voltage applied to the tunable acoustic resonator, the compensation circuit is capable of providing a variable negative equivalent capacitance to at least partially cancel out an equivalent capacitance presented by the series resonator between the first node and the second node.
1 . Filter circuitry comprising:
a first node and a second node;
a series resonator coupled between the first node and the second node; and
a compensation circuit coupled in parallel with the series resonator and located between the first node and the second node; wherein:
the compensation circuit includes a tunable acoustic resonator with at least one transduction structure;
the at least one transduction structure comprises at least one ferroelectric material, wherein polarization of the at least one ferroelectric material varies with an electric field across the at least one ferroelectric material; and
upon adjusting a direct current (DC) voltage applied to the tunable acoustic resonator, the compensation circuit is capable of providing a variable negative equivalent capacitance to at least partially cancel out an equivalent capacitance presented by the series resonator between the first node and the second node.
2 . The filter circuitry of claim 1 wherein the at least one transduction structure is composed of a plurality of transduction layers, and at least one of the plurality of transduction layers is formed of one of the at least one ferroelectric material.
3 . The filter circuitry of claim 2 wherein the at least one ferroelectric material comprises one or more of a group consisting of Scandium aluminum nitride (ScxAl 1 -xN) with variable scandium concentration x greater than 0 and less than 1, Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT), Lead titanate (PTO), Barium Titanate (BTO), and Hafnium Oxide (HfO 2 ).
4 . The filter circuitry of claim 1 wherein:
the compensation circuit further includes a first inductor and a second inductor;
the first inductor and the second inductor are coupled in series between the first node and the second node, wherein the first inductor and the second inductor are negatively coupled with one another, and a common node is provided between the first inductor and the second inductor; and
the tunable acoustic resonator is coupled between the common node and ground.
5 . The filter circuitry of claim 4 wherein:
the compensation circuit further includes a resistor; and
the DC voltage is applied to the tunable acoustic resonator via the resistor.
6 . The filter circuitry of claim 5 wherein:
the compensation circuit further includes a blocking capacitor; and
the blocking capacitor and the tunable acoustic resonator are coupled in series between the common node and ground.
7 . The filter circuitry of claim 6 wherein the tunable acoustic resonator is a Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonator including a first electrode, a second electrode, and the at least one transduction structure coupled between the first electrode and the second electrode.
8 . The filter circuitry of claim 7 wherein:
the first electrode is coupled to the common node;
the blocking capacitor is coupled between the second electrode and ground; and
the DC voltage is applied to the second electrode via the resistor.
9 . The filter circuitry of claim 7 wherein:
the blocking capacitor is coupled between the common node and the first electrode;
the second electrode is coupled to ground; and
the DC voltage is applied to the first electrode via the resistor.
10 . The filter circuitry of claim 4 wherein:
the tunable acoustic resonator includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and the at least one transduction structure;
the at least one transduction structure includes a first transduction structure and a second transduction structure, wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first transduction structure coupled in between compose a first tunable BAW resonator, and the second electrode, the third electrode, and the second transduction structure coupled in between compose a second tunable BAW resonator;
the first electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator is coupled to the common node and the third electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator is coupled to ground; and
the DC voltage is applied to the second electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator.
11 . The filter circuitry of claim 10 wherein:
the compensation circuit further includes a resistor; and
the DC voltage is applied to the second electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator via the resistor.
12 . The filter circuitry of claim 10 wherein the first tunable BAW resonator and the second tunable BAW resonator have opposite acoustic polarization states, such that, for opposite DC voltage variations, an equivalent capacitance presented by the first tunable BAW resonator and an equivalent capacitance presented by the second tunable BAW resonator increase or decrease simultaneously.
13 . The filter circuitry of claim 10 wherein the first tunable BAW resonator and the second tunable BAW resonator have a same acoustic polarization state with different scales, such that, for opposite DC voltage variations, an equivalent capacitance presented by the first tunable BAW resonator and an equivalent capacitance presented by the second tunable BAW resonator change oppositely, and an overall equivalent capacitance presented by the tunable acoustic resonator still varies with the applied DC voltage.
14 . The filter circuitry of claim 10 wherein:
the first transduction structure is composed of a plurality of first transduction layers, and at least one of the plurality of first transduction layers is formed of one of the at least one ferroelectric material; and
the second transduction structure is composed of a plurality of second transduction layers, and at least one of the plurality of second transduction layers is formed of one of the at least one ferroelectric material.
15 . The filter circuitry of claim 14 wherein the at least one ferroelectric material comprises one or more of a group consisting of Sc x Al 1-x N with variable scandium concentration x greater than 0 and less than 1, PZT, PTO, BTO, and HfO 2 .
16 . The filter circuitry of claim 14 wherein the first transduction structure and the second transduction structure comprise different ferroelectric materials.
17 . The filter circuitry of claim 10 wherein the first electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator is directly coupled to the common node and the third electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator is directly coupled to ground.
18 . The filter circuitry of claim 1 wherein:
the tunable acoustic resonator includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and the at least one transduction structure;
the at least one transduction structure includes a first transduction structure and a second transduction structure;
the first electrode, the second electrode, and the first transduction structure coupled in between compose a first tunable BAW resonator, and the second electrode, the third electrode, and the second transduction structure coupled in between compose a second tunable BAW resonator;
the first electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator is coupled to the first node, and the third electrode of the tunable acoustic resonator is coupled to the second node; and
the DC voltage is applied to the second electrode.
19 . The filter circuitry of claim 18 wherein:
the compensation circuit further includes a blocking capacitor; and
the blocking capacitor is coupled between the second electrode and ground.
20 . The filter circuitry of claim 18 wherein:
the compensation circuit further includes a resistor; and
the DC voltage is applied to the second electrode via the resistor.