How to maximize throughput and phase margin in 5G/6G communications
View Patent ↗A method for modulating and demodulating 5G and 6G messages is disclosed, in which the message elements are configured with a large phase margin between adjacent modulation states, and are demodulated in a way that preserves the large phase margins. Phase noise, a major problem at high frequencies, scrambles adjacent modulation states, causing message faults. The disclosed modulation schemes and demodulation methods accommodate such phase noise without faulting, by providing a wide acceptance range for phase. Hence substantial phase noise can be accommodated without changing the demodulated state, thereby avoiding a message fault. The rate of message faults due to phase demodulation errors may be substantially decreased, and message faults at higher frequencies may be reduced, according to some embodiments. Strategies for minimizing amplitude faults are also disclosed.
1. A method for a wireless receiver to receive a message, the method comprising:
a) using a modulation scheme comprising integer Nstate allowed states, integer Namp predetermined sum-signal amplitude levels, and Nphase predetermined sum-signal phase levels, wherein each allowed state comprises one of the Nphase predetermined sum-signal phases multiplexed with one of the Namp predetermined sum-signal amplitudes;
b) wherein the modulation scheme includes one or more predetermined acceptance regions, each acceptance region comprising a predetermined range of sum-signal amplitudes and a predetermined range of sum-signal phases, wherein each acceptance region includes exactly one of the Nstate allowed states;
c) receiving a message comprising message elements, each message element occupying a single resource element of a resource grid;
d) for each message element, determining an I-branch amplitude and an orthogonal Q-branch amplitude;
e) for each message element, calculating a sum-signal amplitude and a sum-signal phase according to the I-branch amplitude and the Q-branch amplitude;
f) for each message element, determining whether the sum-signal amplitude and the sum-signal phase, taken together, are within any of the acceptance regions, and if so, then demodulating the message element according to the allowed state associated with the acceptance region; and
g) for each message element, if the sum-signal amplitude and the sum-signal phase, taken together, are not within any of the acceptance regions, then determining that the message element is faulted.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the message is received according to 5G or 6G technology.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein Nstate equals 16, Namp equal 4, and Nphase equals 4.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculating a sum-signal amplitude and a sum-signal phase comprises:
a) calculating, as the sum-signal amplitude, a square root of a sum of the I-branch amplitude squared plus the Q-branch amplitude squared; and
b) calculating, as the sum-signal phase, an arctangent of a ratio of the Q-branch amplitude divided by the I-branch amplitude.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) determining one or more phase exclusion zones, each phase exclusion zone comprising a range of sum-signal phases that avoid overlapping with the acceptance regions; and
b) determining one or more amplitude exclusion zones, each amplitude exclusion zone comprising a range of sum-signal amplitudes that avoid overlapping with the acceptance regions.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein Nphase equals 4 and the predetermined phase levels are 45, 135, 225, and 315 degrees.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein Nphase equals 2 and the predetermined phase levels are 45 and 225 degrees.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein Nphase equals 1 and the predetermined phase level is 45 degrees.
9. Non-transitory computer-readable media in a wireless entity, the non-transitory computer-readable media containing instructions that, when executed by a computing environment, cause a method to be performed, the method comprising:
a) using a first modulation scheme comprising integer Nstate allowed modulation states, integer Nphase predetermined amplitude levels, and integer Namp predetermined phase levels, wherein each allowed modulation state comprises:
i) a sum-signal amplitude equal to one of the Namp predetermined amplitude levels; and
ii) a sum-signal phase equal to one of the Nphase predetermined phase levels;
b) modulating each message element of a message according to the first modulation scheme, each message element occupying a single resource element of a resource grid, and transmitting the message so modulated;
c) then, receiving a received message modulated according to the first modulation scheme, the received message comprising received message elements;
d) for each received message element, separating a received signal of the received message element into an I-branch signal and an orthogonal Q-branch signal, and measuring an I-branch amplitude of the I-branch signal and a Q-branch amplitude of the Q-branch signal;
e) for each received message element, calculating a sum-signal amplitude and a sum-signal phase according to the I-branch amplitude and the Q-branch amplitude; and
f) selecting a particular allowed modulation state according to the sum-signal amplitude and the sum-signal phase.
10. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , wherein the selecting a particular allowed modulation state comprises:
a) comparing the sum-signal amplitude to the Namp predetermined amplitude levels and selecting the predetermined amplitude level closest to the sum-signal amplitude; and
b) comparing the sum-signal phase to the Nphase predetermined phase levels and selecting the predetermined phase level closest to the sum-signal phase.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , wherein the modulating each message element of the message according to the first modulation scheme comprises, for each message element:
a) selecting a particular amplitude level, of the Namp predetermined amplitude levels, according to content of the message element; and
b) selecting a particular phase level, of the Nphase predetermined phase levels, according to further content of the message element.
12. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , wherein the Namp predetermined amplitude levels include a zero-power amplitude level comprising zero transmitted power or zero received power.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , wherein Namp is different from Nphase.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , wherein, for each pair of allowed modulation states that have equal amplitudes:
a) a phase of a first allowed modulation state of the pair is separated in phase by at least 90 degrees of phase from a second allowed modulation state of the pair.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , wherein, for each pair of allowed modulation states that have equal amplitudes:
a) a phase of a first allowed modulation state of the pair is separated in phase by 180 degrees of phase from a second allowed modulation state of the pair.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 9 , the method further comprising determining a rate or number of amplitude faults and a rate or number of phase faults, wherein:
a) an amplitude fault comprises a message element modulated, by a transmitter, according to a first amplitude level of the Namp predetermined amplitude levels, and demodulated, by a receiver, according to a second amplitude level different from the first amplitude level; and
b) a phase fault comprises a message element modulated, by a transmitter, according to a first phase level of the Nphase predetermined phase levels, and demodulated, by a receiver, according to a second phase level different from the first phase level.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16 , the method further comprising:
a) upon determining that the rate or number of amplitude faults exceeds a predetermined amplitude fault threshold, selecting a second modulation scheme having fewer than Namp predetermined amplitude levels; and
b) upon determining that the rate or number of phase faults exceeds a predetermined phase fault threshold, selecting a second modulation scheme having fewer than Nphase predetermined phase levels.
18. A method for a wireless receiver to demodulate a message, the method comprising:
a. using a first modulation scheme comprising a first modulation parameter and integer Nstate allowed modulation states, each allowed modulation state comprising a predetermined modulation level of the first modulation parameter;
b. determining one or more acceptance regions, each acceptance region comprising a range of the first modulation parameter, wherein each acceptance region contains exactly one of the allowed modulation states;
c. receiving a message comprising message elements, each message element occupying a single resource element of a resource grid, each message element comprising a raw signal;
d. demodulating each message element according to the first modulation scheme;
e. determining whether the message element, as demodulated, is within one of the acceptance regions;
f. when the message element, as demodulated, is within a particular acceptance region, assigning the message element to the allowed modulation state contained in the particular acceptance region; and
g. when the message element, as demodulated, is not within any of the acceptance regions, determining that the message element is faulted.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first modulation parameter is amplitude modulation according to integer Namp predetermined amplitude levels, and each acceptance region comprises a range of amplitudes.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first modulation parameter is phase modulation according to integer Nphase predetermined phase levels, and each acceptance region comprises a range of phases.