METHODS OF TREATING AND PREDICTING NON-RESPONSE TO ANTI-TNF TREATMENT IN SUBJECTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES
This disclosure features methods for treating and predicting non-response to anti-TNFα treatment in subjects with a disease of the gastrointestinal tract.
1 . A method of treating a subject having a gastrointestinal (GI) disease or disorder, the method comprising:
administering to the subject a combination therapy comprising an anti-TNFα agent and a JAK inhibitor;
wherein the subject is previously treated with the anti-TNFα agent without the JAK inhibitor, and is non-responsive to the previous treatment as indicated by a ratio of a cytokine expression level of IL-6 to a cytokine expression level of TNFα (a ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα) in a biological sample from the subject.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of mucosal tissue, serum, and fecal samples.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the biological sample is higher in the subject identified as likely to have a response to the combination therapy as compared to a subject previously treated with an anti-TNFα agent and is responsive to the previous treatment.
4 . The method claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the biological sample is about 0.5:1 to about 8:1, or about 2:1 to about 8:1, or about 2.5:1 to about 7.5:1, or about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1.
5 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the mucosal tissue sample is about 2:1 to about 8:1.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the mucosal tissue sample is about 5:1.
7 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the serum sample is about 2.5:1 to about 7.5:1.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the serum sample is about 5:1.
9 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the fecal sample is about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in the fecal sample is about 0.5:1.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal disease or disorder is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the IBD is ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD).
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-TNFα agent is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-TNFα agent is selected from the group consisting of infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab, and golimumab; or biosimilars thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the JAK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 3-O-methylthespesilactam, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, AZD1480, filgotinib, momelotinib, GSK2586184, oclacitinib, upadacitinib, INCB039110, INCB047986, INCB16562, PF-06700841, PF-04965842, SAR-20347, CEP-33779, fedratinib, lestaurtinib, AC-430, pacritinib, BMS-911543, XL019, gandotinib, decernotinib, R348, R256, R333, NVP-BSK805, peficitinib, tofacitinib, cucurbitacin I, CHZ868, PF-06651600, TD-1473, TD-3504, ABT-494, PRV-6527, and deucravacitinib (BMS-986165); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the JAK inhibitor is tofacitinib or tofacitinib citrate.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is responsive to the combination therapy defined as having a Mayo endoscopic sub-score of 0.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein administration of the combination therapy results in one or more of:
mucosal healing;
remission;
a Mayo endoscopic sub-score of 0 or 1;
a calprotectin level in a fecal sample from the subject of about 150 μg/g or less;
a c-reactive protein (CRP) level in serum from the subject of about 4 mg/mL or less;
a decrease in the cytokine expression level of TNFα in a biological sample from the subject as compared to the cytokine expression level of TNFα in a biological sample prior to administration of the combination therapy; and
a decrease in the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in a biological sample from the subject as compared to the ratio of the expression level of IL-6:TNFα in a biological sample prior to administration of the combination therapy.
19 . A method of treating a subject having a gastrointestinal (GI) disease or disorder, the method comprising:
administering to the subject a combination therapy comprising an anti-TNFα agent and an IL-10 inhibitor;
wherein the subject is previously treated with the anti-TNFα agent without the IL-10 inhibitor, and is non-responsive to the previous treatment as indicated by a ratio of a cytokine expression level of IL-10 to a cytokine expression level of TNFα (a ratio of the expression level of IL-10:TNFα) or a ratio of a cytokine expression level of IL-10 to a cytokine expression level of IL-6 (a ratio of the expression level of IL-10:IL-6) in a biological sample from the subject.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of mucosal tissue, serum, and fecal samples.
21 - 34 . (canceled)