BIOACTIVE IPMLANTS AND METHODS OF MAKING
Described herein are methods to increase growth factor binding when demineralizing bone. Also described herein are methods of enriching bound growth factors in a medical implant.
1 . A method of increasing growth factor binding, comprising:
(a) providing a bone composition;
(b) adding an acid solution to the bone composition to lower the pH to an acidic level in an amount to at least partially demineralizing the bone composition; and
(c) adding a buffer or base to the acidic solution in an amount effective to precipitate minerals and promote binding of soluble growth factors in the acid solution to the bone composition, precipitated minerals, or a combination thereof.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising decanting the acid solution from step (b) and repeating step (b) until a target pH or bone demineralization is reached prior to step (c).
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein step (b) is repeated once prior to step (c).
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein step (b) is repeated at least twice prior to step (c), wherein step (b) further comprises decanting the final acid solution after the target pH or bone demineralization is reached and adding the first decanted acid solution back to the bone composition prior to step (c).
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein pH for the acidic level is less than pH 1.0.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein pH for the acidic level is from pH 1 to pH 3.5.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein pH for the neutral or basic level is from pH 7 to pH 11.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the buffer or base comprises one or more of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, water, sodium bicarbonate, tris, borate, carbonate, citrate, glycine, phosphate buffer, sodium chloride, media, or calcium salt.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the precipitated minerals bound to growth factors.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the precipitated minerals comprises calcium.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the bone composition comprises cortical bone, cancellous bone, or both.
12 . A medical implant comprising a bone composition, mineral, or both prepared according to the methods of claim 1 .
13 . A method of enriching bound growth factors in a medical implant, comprising:
(a) providing a scaffold;
(b) combining the scaffold in solution with growth factors or agents;
(c) raising the pH of the solution from a first level to a second level,
wherein the second level is more basic than the first, by adding a base or buffer to the solution.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the scaffold is derived from allograft or xenograft tissue sources or created synthetically.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the scaffold is comprised of comprised of mineral, collagen, hyaluronan, or other protein, amino acid, GAG, and/or biocompatible material.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the growth factors or agents comprise bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), vasoendothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), or any other growth factor or tissue growth stimulative agent or differentiation agent, individually or in combination.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first level is an acidic pH.
18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the buffer or base comprises one or more of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, water, sodium bicarbonate, tris, borate, carbonate, citrate, glycine, phosphate buffer, sodium chloride, media, or calcium salt.
19 . A medical implant produced by the method of claim 13 .