Peritoneal dialysis system including peristaltic pump
A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a cycler having a peristaltic pump actuator; a disposable set including a pressure sensing manifold including first and second pressure sensing pods, a drain line and a first dialysis fluid/heater container line in fluid communication with the first pressure sensing pod, and at least one dialysis fluid container line and a patient line in fluid communication with the second pressure sensing pod; and a control unit programmed to operate the peristaltic pump actuator (i) in a first direction to pump fresh dialysis fluid along the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line into the first dialysis fluid/heater line and (ii) in a second direction to pump heated fresh dialysis fluid along the first dialysis fluid/heater line into the patient line. The pump actuator may be operated in the first direction again to pump used dialysis fluid from the patient to a drain.
1 . A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:
a disposable set including
a pressure sensing manifold including first and second pressure sensing pods,
a drain line and a dialysis fluid/heater container line in fluid communication with the first pressure sensing pod, and
at least one additional dialysis fluid container line and a patient line in fluid communication with the second pressure sensing pod;
a cycler including:
a peristaltic pump actuator,
a first valve actuator configured to operate with the first pressure sensing pod to allow dialysis fluid to selectively flow to either the drain line or the dialysis fluid/heater container line, and
a second valve actuator configured to operate with the second pressure sensing pod to allow dialysis fluid to selectively flow to either the patient line or one of the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line; and
a control unit programmed to operate the peristaltic pump actuator (i) in a first direction to pump fresh dialysis fluid along the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line into the dialysis fluid/heater container line, and (ii) in a reverse, second direction to pump heated, fresh dialysis fluid along the dialysis fluid/heater container line into the patient line.
2 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , further comprising a peristaltic pumping tube in fluid communication with the first and second pressure sensing pods.
3 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the drain line or the dialysis fluid/heater container line is connected to a port extending from the first pressure sensing pod.
4 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line or the patient line is connected to a port extending from the second pressure sensing pod.
5 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to use an output from the first pressure sensing pod as feedback to control pumping in the first direction at or below a positive system pressure limit for moving the fresh dialysis fluid to a dialysis fluid/heater container.
6 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to use an output from the second pressure sensing pod as feedback to control pumping in the first direction at or below a negative system pressure limit for moving the fresh dialysis fluid to a dialysis fluid/heater container.
7 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to use an output from the second pressure sensing pod as feedback to control pumping in the second direction at or below a positive patient pressure limit for moving the fresh dialysis fluid to a patient.
8 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to use an output from the second pressure sensing pod as feedback to control pumping in the first direction at or below a negative patient pressure limit for removing used dialysis fluid from a patient.
9 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein
the first valve actuator includes a drain valve configured to operate with the drain line and a dialysis fluid/heater valve configured to operate with the dialysis fluid/heater container line, and
the second valve actuator includes at least one additional dialysis fluid container valve configured to operate with the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line and a patient valve configured to operate with the patient line.
10 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the cycler further includes a heater under control of the control unit for heating the fresh dialysis fluid delivered to a first dialysis fluid/heater container via the dialysis fluid/heater container line.
11 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second pressure sensing pods includes a flexible diaphragm that transmits fresh and used dialysis fluid pressure fluctuations to a pressure transmission fluid.
12 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 11 , wherein the flexible diaphragm is further configured to dampen pressure fluctuations.
13 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to end a patient drain when a negative pressure increase is sensed by the second pressure sensing pod while the peristaltic pump actuator is operated in the first direction to pump used dialysis fluid from the patient line.
14 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the control unit is configured to end the patient drain when the negative pressure increase is sensed and the control unit has determined that at least a threshold amount of the used dialysis fluid has been removed from a patient.
15 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 13 , wherein the control unit is configured to end the patient drain when the negative pressure increase is sensed and after a pushback of the used dialysis fluid in the patient line by the peristaltic pump actuator operating in the second direction fails to remove the negative pressure increase.
16 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to determine that a patient line occlusion has occurred when the second pressure sensing pod senses an increase in positive pressure in the patient line while moving the fresh dialysis fluid to a patient.
17 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to determine that a patient line occlusion has occurred when the second pressure sensing pod senses an increase in negative pressure in the patient line while removing used dialysis fluid from a patient.
18 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to perform a patient fill according to a fill profile in which a speed of the peristaltic pump actuator operating in the second direction is increased for a middle portion of the patient fill.
19 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is further configured to perform a patient drain according to a drain profile in which a speed of the peristaltic pump actuator operating in the first direction is increased for a middle portion of the patient drain.
20 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the peristaltic pump actuator is positioned relative to the cycler such that the first and second pressure sensing pods, the drain line, the dialysis fluid/heater container line, the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line, and the patient line are oriented at least substantially horizontally for treatment.
21 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 20 , wherein the peristaltic pump actuator is located on a tray that slides into and out of the cycler.
22 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 20 , wherein the peristaltic pump actuator is accessible from a top of the cycler.
23 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the peristaltic pump actuator is positioned relative to the cycler such that the first and second pressure sensing pods, the drain line, the dialysis fluid/heater container line, the at least one additional dialysis fluid container line, and the patient line are oriented at least substantially vertically for treatment.
24 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 23 , wherein the cycler further includes a plurality of valves, a first door configured to selectively cover the plurality of valves, and a second door configured to selectively cover the peristaltic pump actuator.
25 . The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second pressure sensing pods are spaced at least one of (i) symmetrically about, or (ii) equidistant to the peristaltic pump actuator.