Water-resistant sealing layer for sealing microcells of electro-optic devices
The present invention is directed to a sealing layer that comprises a combination of polyurethane and poly(vinyl alcohol), the poly(vinyl alcohol) containing an acetoacetate functional group in its molecular structure. The sealing layer is formed from an aqueous sealing composition and shows water resistance and good barrier properties to non-polar fluids. The sealing layer can be used to seal microcells of electro-optic displays.
1 . A water-resistant sealing layer comprising:
a. from 40 to 95 weight percent of a poly(vinyl alcohol) by weight of the sealing layer excluding solvents, the poly(vinyl alcohol) containing an acetoacetate functional group in its molecular structure, the poly(vinyl alcohol) having a degree of hydrolysis of from 90 to 99 percent; and
b. from 5 to 60 weight percent of a polyurethane by weight of the sealing layer excluding solvents.
2 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane has Peak Melting Temperature of 115° C. and higher and Index of Crystallinity of 8% and higher.
3 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane is crosslinked.
4 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 3 , wherein the polyurethane is crosslinked by a crosslinker, the crosslinker being a polyisocyanate, a multifunctional polycarbodiimide, a multifunctional aziridine, a silane coupling agent, a boron/titanium/zirconium-based crosslinker, or a melamine formaldehyde.
5 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 1 , wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) is crosslinked.
6 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 5 , wherein the crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) is formed by the reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) and a crosslinker, the crosslinker being selected from the group consisting of dialdehyde, and organic zirconate.
7 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 6 , wherein the crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of glyoxal, ZrO(OH)Cl*nH 2 O, and (NH4) 2 ZrO(CO 3 ) 2 .
8 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 1 , the sealing layer further comprising a surfactant, the surfactant being selected from the group consisting of acetylenic diol, organosilicone, and combination thereof.
9 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 1 , wherein the sealing layer is formed from an aqueous sealing composition.
10 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous sealing composition has a pot life longer than 1 day.
11 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 9 , wherein the aqueous sealing composition comprises a polyurethane dispersion.
12 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 9 , wherein the polyurethane has number average molecular weight from 1,000 to 2,000,000 Daltons.
13 . The water-resistant sealing layer of claim 9 , wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) has number average molecular weight from 1,000 to 1,000,000 Daltons.
14 . An electrophoretic display comprising in order:
a first light-transmissive electrode layer;
an electro-optic material layer comprising a sealing layer according to claim 1 and a microcell layer comprising a plurality of microcells, each of the plurality of microcells including a bottom, walls, and an opening, and containing an electrophoretic medium, said electrophoretic medium comprising at least one type of charged pigment particles dispersed in a non-polar fluid, wherein the sealing layer spans the openings of the plurality of microcells;
a second electrode layer.
15 . The electrophoretic display of claim 14 , wherein the polyurethane has Peak Melting Temperature of 115° C. and higher and Index of Crystallinity of 8% and higher.
16 . The electrophoretic display of claim 14 , wherein the sealing layer is disposed between the microcell layer and the second electrode layer.
17 . The electrophoretic display of claim 14 , wherein the electrophoretic medium comprises four types of charged pigment particles, wherein the color of the four or more pigment particles are selected from the group consisting of white, magenta, yellow, cyan, blue, red, green, and black.
18 . The electrophoretic display of claim 14 , further comprising a piezoelectric material layer comprising a piezoelectric material, wherein the piezoelectric material layer is disposed between the first light-transmissive electrode layer material and the electro-optic material layer or between the electro-optic material layer and the second electrode layer.
19 . The electrophoretic display of claim 14 , wherein the electrophoretic display is used as an authentication element on an object, the object being selected from the group consisting of currency, stock certificates, bond certificates, negotiable instruments, debit cards, credit cards, documents, and smart cards.
20 . A water-resistant sealing layer comprising:
a. from 40 to 95 weight percent of a poly(vinyl alcohol) by weight of the sealing layer excluding solvents, the poly(vinyl alcohol) containing an acetoacetate functional group in its molecular structure; and
b. from 5 to 60 weight percent of a polyurethane by weight of the sealing layer excluding solvents;
wherein the sealing layer is formed from an aqueous sealing composition, and wherein the aqueous sealing composition has a pot life longer than 1 day.
21 . A water-resistant sealing layer comprising:
a. from 40 to 95 weight percent of a poly(vinyl alcohol) by weight of the sealing layer excluding solvents, the poly(vinyl alcohol) containing an acetoacetate functional group in its molecular structure; and
b. from 5 to 60 weight percent of a polyurethane by weight of the sealing layer excluding solvents, wherein the polyurethane has Peak Melting Temperature of 115° C. and higher and Index of Crystallinity of 8% and higher.