Optical phased array wavefront sensing and control

1 . A method of adjusting a plurality of phase shifters of an optical phased array (OPA), the method comprising:

identifying, by one or more processors, one or more first subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on an orthogonal set of functions;

performing, by the one or more processors, one or more first dithers on the one or more first subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using one or more first frequencies of a predetermined set of frequencies;

determining, by the one or more processors, one or more first corrections based on a first power output of the OPA resulting from the one or more first dithers; and

adjusting, by the one or more processors, the one or more first subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using the one or more first corrections, the adjustment resulting in a first set of corrected phase shifter values.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the one or more first dithers on the one or more first subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters includes:

applying one or more first perturbations at the one or more first frequencies to a wavefront at the one or more first subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters; and

adjusting an initial set of phase shifter values of the one or more first subsets of phase shifters based on the one or more first perturbations, the adjustment resulting in a first set of phase shifter values.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the one or more first corrections based on the first power output of the OPA resulting from the one or more first dithers includes:

determining one or more first changes in phase.

4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein one or more magnitudes of the one or more first corrections is based on one or more amplitudes of the one or more first perturbations.

5 . The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

transmitting, by the OPA, a first optical communications beam using the first set of phase shifter values;

wherein the first power output of the OPA resulting from the one or more first dithers is a power of the first optical communications beam.

6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying one or more second subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on the orthogonal set of functions;

performing one or more second dithers on the one or more second subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using one or more second frequencies of the predetermined set of frequencies;

determining one or more second corrections based on a second power output of the OPA resulting from the one or more second dithers; and

adjusting the one or more second subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using the one or more second corrections, the adjustment resulting in a second set of corrected phase shifter values.

7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more first frequencies and the one or more second frequencies are equal.

8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein adjusting the one or more second subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using the one or more second corrections is based on the first set of corrected phase shifter values.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the plurality of phase shifters are arranged in a circle; and

the orthogonal set of functions is a set of circular functions.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the one or more first subsets of phase shifters are a plurality of subsets of phase shifters;

the one or more first dithers are a plurality of dithers;

the one or more first frequencies are a plurality of frequencies; and

the one or more first corrections are a plurality of corrections.

11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein identifying the plurality of subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on the orthogonal set of functions includes:

identifying a primary subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on the orthogonal set of functions; and

identifying a secondary subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on the orthogonal set of functions.

12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of dithers are performed concurrently; and

performing the plurality of dithers concurrently on the plurality of subsets of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using the predetermined set of frequencies includes:

performing a primary dither on the primary subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using a primary frequency; and

performing a secondary dither on the secondary subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters using a secondary frequency.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the primary frequency and the secondary frequency are unique frequencies.

14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the primary frequency and the secondary frequency are equal.

15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein:

the primary dither is performed by applying a primary perturbation at the primary frequency;

the secondary dither is performed by applying a secondary perturbation at the secondary frequency; and

the primary perturbation is a sine function and the secondary perturbation is a cosine function.

16 . A method of adjusting a plurality of phase shifters of a plurality of optical phased arrays (OPA) of a communication system, the method comprising:

performing, at a first OPA of a first communications terminal, a first dither on a first subset of phase shifters of a plurality of phase shifters of the first OPA, wherein the first dither is performed at a first time and using a first frequency;

performing, at a second OPA of a second communications terminal, a second dither on a second subset of phase shifters of a plurality of phase shifters of the second OPA, wherein the second dither is performed at a second time and using the first frequency, wherein a difference between the first time and the second time is half a period of the first frequency;

adjusting, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, the first subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on the first dither of the first communications terminal; and

adjusting, at the second OPA of the second communications terminal, the second subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters based on the second dither of the second communications terminal.

17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein performing, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, the first dither on the first subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters of the first OPA includes:

applying, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, a first perturbation at the first frequency to a wavefront at the first subset of the phase shifters; and

adjusting, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, an initial set of phase shifter values of the first subset of phase shifters based on the first perturbation, the adjustment resulting in a first set phase shifter values.

18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

determining, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, a first correction based on a first power output of the first OPA resulting from the first dither;

wherein adjusting, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, the first subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters is based on the first correction;

wherein determining, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, the first correction based on the first power output of the first OPA resulting from the first dither includes:

determining, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, a first change in phase; and

wherein a magnitude of the first correction is based on the amplitude of the first perturbation.

19 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

performing, at the first OPA of the first communications terminal, a third dither on a third subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters of the first OPA, wherein the third dither is performed at a third time and using a second frequency; and

performing, at the second OPA of the second communications terminal, a fourth dither on a fourth subset of phase shifters of the plurality of phase shifters of the second OPA, wherein the fourth dither is performed at a fourth time and using the second frequency, wherein a difference between the third time and the fourth time is half the period of the second frequency.

20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the first frequency and the second frequency are equal.