Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a mixture of phosphates comprising:
diammonium phosphate;
monoammonium phosphate; and
disodium phosphate;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate.
2. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising tricalcium phosphate.
3. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of:
an alkyl amine;
one or more azoles; or
disodium molybdate dihydrate.
4. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein.
5. The concentrate of claim 4 , wherein the thickening agent comprises the gum.
6. The concentrate of claim 5 , wherein the gum comprises a polysaccharide gum.
7. The concentrate of claim 6 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises xanthan gum.
8. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of an inorganic pigment or an organic pigment.
9. The concentrate of claim 8 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
10. The concentrate of claim 8 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
11. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a buffering agent present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 3% to about 56% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
12. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.05.
13. The concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
14. The concentrate of claim 13 , wherein the mixture of phosphates is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 62% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
15. The concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising water;
wherein:
the concentrate is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
16. The concentrate of claim 15 , wherein the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.
17. A forest fire retardant concentrate, comprising:
a mixture of phosphates comprising:
diammonium phosphate;
monoammonium phosphate; and
at least one of a sodium phosphate salt, a calcium phosphate salt, or a potassium phosphate salt;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of iron, brass, aluminum, or magnesium present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.1% to about 3.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate; and
a thickening agent, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.75% to about 5.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate;
wherein:
the concentrate has a molar ratio of ammoniacal nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P molar ratio) of less than about 1.05.
18. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the at least one sodium phosphate salt, the calcium phosphate salt, or the potassium phosphate salt comprises at least one of monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, dicalcium diphosphate, calcium triphosphate, hydroxyapatite, apatite, tetracalcium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, or tripotassium phosphate.
19. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of:
an alkyl amine;
one or more azoles; or
disodium molybdate dihydrate.
20. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the thickening agent comprises at least one of a polyurethane, a polyvinyl alcohol, an acrylic polymer, a gum, a cellulosic, a sulfonate, a saccharide, a clay, an organosilicone, or a protein.
21. The concentrate of claim 20 , wherein the thickening agent comprises the gum.
22. The concentrate of claim 21 , wherein the gum comprises a polysaccharide gum.
23. The concentrate of claim 17 , further comprising a colorant, present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.04% to about 6.0% relative to total weight of the concentrate, wherein the colorant comprises at least one of an inorganic pigment or an organic pigment.
24. The concentrate of claim 23 , wherein the organic pigment comprises a fluorescent pigment.
25. The concentrate of claim 23 , wherein the inorganic pigment comprises iron oxide.
26. The concentrate of claim 17 , further comprising a buffering agent present in the concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 3% to about 56% relative to the total weight of the concentrate.
27. The concentrate of claim 17 , wherein the concentrate is a dry concentrate having no more than about 3% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
28. The concentrate of claim 27 , wherein the mixture of phosphates is present in the dry concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 62% to about 99% relative to the total weight of the dry concentrate.
29. The concentrate of claim 17 , further comprising water;
wherein:
the concentrate is a final diluted product intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and
the mixture of phosphates is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 6% to about 28% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
30. The concentrate of claim 29 , wherein the final diluted product has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.