High optical power light conversion device using a phosphor element with solder attachment
A light generator comprises a light conversion device and a light source arranged to apply a light beam to the light conversion element. The light conversion device includes an optoceramic or other solid phosphor element comprising one or more phosphors embedded in a ceramic, glass, or other host, a metal heat sink, and a solder bond attaching the optoceramic phosphor element to the metal heat sink. The optoceramic phosphor element does not undergo cracking in response to the light source applying a light beam of beam energy effective to heat the optoceramic phosphor element to the phosphor quenching point.
1. A light conversion device comprising:
a phosphor wheel including:
an optoceramic phosphor element comprising one or more phosphors embedded in a ceramic host;
a metal heat sink which is a metal disk rotatable about a central axis of the metal disk;
a solder bond disposed on the metal heat sink; and
a solderable stack including more than one metal layer, wherein at least one metal layer comprises a solderable metal layer disposed on a back side of the optoceramic phosphor element between the optoceramic phosphor element and the solder bond;
wherein the metal heat sink is attached with the solderable stack by the solder bond on an outer rim of the metal heat sink;
wherein the solder bond is formed from solder preform and solder flux with the solder flux coated onto or mixed into the solder preform.
2. The light conversion device of claim 1 , wherein the solder preform comprises a lead/indium/silver solder alloy, a gold/tin solder alloy, or a gold-silicon (AuSi) alloy.
3. The light conversion device of claim 1 , wherein the solderable stack further comprises one of:
(i) a diffusion barrier layer disposed between the optoceramic phosphor element and the solderable metal layer;
(ii) an adhesion layer disposed between the optoceramic phosphor element and the solderable metal layer; or
(iii) an adhesion layer and a diffusion barrier layer, wherein the adhesion layer is disposed adjacent the optoceramic phosphor element, and the diffusion barrier layer is disposed between the adhesion layer and the solderable metal layer with the solder bond attached to the solderable metal layer.
4. The light conversion device of claim 3 , wherein:
(i) the diffusion barrier layer comprises nickel and further includes vanadium;
(ii) the adhesion layer comprises chromium, titanium, or a titanium-tungsten (TiW) alloy; or
(iii) the adhesion layer, diffusion barrier layer, and solderable metal layer form a configuration comprising one of:
a chromium/nickel/gold layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the gold layer;
a titanium/nickel/gold layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the gold layer;
a chromium/nickel/silver layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the silver layer; or
a titanium/nickel/silver layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the silver layer.
5. The light conversion device of claim 3 , further comprising:
a dielectric mirror coating disposed on the back side of the optoceramic phosphor element between the optoceramic phosphor element and the solderable stack, wherein dielectric mirror coating designed to operate with a backside air interface; and/or
an anti-reflection (AR) coating on a front side of the optoceramic phosphor element.
6. The light conversion device of claim 3 , wherein the metal heat sink includes a recess and the solder bond is disposed within the recess.
7. The light conversion device of claim 1 , wherein the optoceramic phosphor element does not undergo cracking in response to an applied light beam with beam energy effective to heat the optoceramic phosphor element to the phosphor quenching point.
8. A light conversion device comprising:
a phosphor wheel including:
a phosphor element comprising one or more phosphors embedded in a solid host material;
a metal heat sink which is a metal disk rotatable about a central axis of the metal disk;
a solder bond disposed on the metal heat sink; and
a solderable stack including more than one metal layer, wherein at least one metal layer comprises a solderable metal layer disposed on a back side of the phosphor element between the phosphor element and the solder bond;
wherein the metal heat sink is attached with the solderable stack by the solder bond on an outer rim of the metal heat sink;
wherein the solder bond is formed from solder preform and solder flux with the solder flux coated onto or mixed into the solder preform.
9. The light conversion device of claim 8 , wherein the solder preform comprises a lead/indium/silver solder alloy, a gold/tin solder alloy, or a gold-silicon (AuSi) alloy.
10. The light conversion device of claim 8 , wherein the solderable stack further comprises one of:
(i) a diffusion barrier layer disposed between the phosphor element and the solderable metal layer;
(ii) an adhesion layer disposed between the phosphor element and the solderable metal layer; or
(iii) an adhesion layer and a diffusion barrier layer, wherein the adhesion layer is disposed adjacent the phosphor element, and the diffusion barrier layer is disposed between the adhesion layer and the solderable metal layer with the solder bond attached to the solderable metal layer.
11. The light conversion device of claim 10 , wherein:
(i) the diffusion barrier layer comprises nickel and further includes vanadium;
(ii) the adhesion layer comprises chromium, titanium, or a titanium-tungsten (TiW) alloy; or
(iii) the adhesion layer, diffusion barrier layer, and solderable metal layer form a configuration comprising one of:
a chromium/nickel/gold layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the gold layer;
a titanium/nickel/gold layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the gold layer;
a chromium/nickel/silver layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the silver layer; or
a titanium/nickel/silver layer stack in which the solder bond attaches to the silver layer.
12. The light conversion device of claim 10 , further comprising:
a mirror coating disposed on the back side of the phosphor element between the phosphor element and the solderable stack, wherein dielectric mirror coating designed to operate with a backside air interface; and/or
an anti-reflection (AR) coating on a front side of the phosphor element.
13. The light conversion device of claim 10 , wherein the metal heat sink includes a recess and the solder bond is disposed within the recess.
14. The light conversion device of claim 8 , wherein the phosphor element does not undergo cracking in response to an applied light beam with beam energy effective to heat the phosphor element to the phosphor quenching point.
15. The light conversion device of claim 8 , wherein the phosphor element comprises one or more phosphors embedded in a solid glass host element.
16. A method of fabricating a light conversion device comprising:
depositing a solderable stack including more than one metal layer on a back side of a phosphor element of a phosphor wheel, wherein at least one metal layer comprises a solderable metal layer, wherein the phosphor element includes one or more phosphors embedded in a host;
providing a metal heat sink which is a metal disk rotatable about a central axis of the metal disk; and
attaching the phosphor element to an outer rim of the metal disk by soldering the solderable stack to the outer rim of the metal disk;
wherein the attaching comprises:
disposing the phosphor element onto the metal heat sink with a solder preform interposed between the phosphor element and the metal heat sink to create an assembly, wherein solder flux is coated onto or mixed into the solder preform; and
heating the assembly to a soldering temperature which is effective to cause the solder preform to form a solder bond between the solderable stack and the metal heat sink.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the phosphor element is an optoceramic phosphor element and the host is a ceramic host that includes the one or more phosphors embedded therein.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the host is a solid host material that includes the one or more phosphors embedded therein.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the solder preform comprises a lead/indium/silver solder alloy, a gold/tin solder alloy, or a gold-silicon (AuSi) alloy.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein depositing the solderable stack on the back side of the phosphor element comprises:
depositing an adhesion layer onto the back side of the phosphor element or onto a dielectric mirror coating disposed on the back side of the phosphor element, wherein the adhesion layer comprises chromium, titanium, or a titanium-tungsten (TiW) alloy;
depositing a diffusion barrier layer on the adhesion layer, wherein the diffusion barrier layer comprises nickel; and
depositing the solderable metal layer on the diffusion barrier layer, wherein the solderable metal layer comprises platinum, gold, or silver, wherein the solderable metal layer is soldered to the metal heat sink.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
prior to depositing the solderable stack on the back side of the phosphor element, depositing the dielectric mirror coating on the back side of the phosphor element whereby the solderable stack is deposited on the dielectric mirror coating.