Heat pump vehicle thermal system
A heat pump vehicle thermal system comprises a battery pack thermal system, a two-phase refrigeration system, and a power electronics thermal system. When the outer environment is cold relative to the interior of the vehicle (cold ambient), the heat pump thermal system is controlled in a first mode where the two-phase refrigeration system transfers heat generated by the power electronics thermal system to either the battery pack thermal system or to the cabin or to both. When the outer environment is hot relative to the interior of the electric vehicle (hot ambient), the heat pump thermal system is controlled in a second mode where the two-phase refrigeration system absorbs heat from the battery pack thermal system and the cabin and transfers the absorbed heat to the ambient environment. In the second mode, no heat generated by the power electronics is transferred to either the cabin or the battery packs.
1 . A method comprising:
setting a compressor speed based on a battery temperature (TB) and a first system pressure (PH);
setting a fan speed based on a second system pressure (PL) and a powertrain temperature (TP);
setting a pump speed based on the second system pressure (PL) and the powertrain temperature (TP);
combining multiple flow paths of a first liquid into a single flow path when the powertrain temperature TP is below a first threshold temperature; and
splitting the single flow path of the first liquid into the multiple flow paths when the powertrain temperature TP is above a second threshold temperature.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing hysteresis that prevents oscillations between the operations of combining and splitting.
3 . A method comprising:
setting a compressor speed based on a battery temperature (TB) and a first system pressure (PH);
setting a fan speed based on a second system pressure (PL) and a powertrain temperature (TP);
setting a pump speed based on the second system pressure (PL) and the powertrain temperature (TP);
repeating any of the operations of setting of the compressor speed, setting of the fan speed, and setting of the pump speed after a time delay has expired;
determining the time delay from a system thermal response, wherein the time delay has a value in a range of 0.1 to 60 seconds; and
selecting a refrigerant flow path through a first condenser or a second condenser, wherein the refrigerant flow path through the first condenser is selected when heat is requested, and wherein the refrigerant flow path through the second condenser is selected when no heat is requested.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the heat is provided to a vehicle interior that is thermally coupled to the first condenser.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
causing the liquid to flow through a radiator to decrease the powertrain temperature TP or to bypass the radiator to increase the powertrain temperature TP.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the powertrain temperature TP is indicative of a motor temperature, a power electronics temperature, or a temperature of a fluid cooling the motor or power electronics.
7 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the refrigerant flow path is temporarily redirected to the unselected condenser to flush refrigerant from that condenser.
8 . A method comprising:
setting a compressor speed based on a battery temperature (TB) and a first system pressure (PH);
setting a fan speed based on a second system pressure (PL) and a powertrain temperature (TP);
setting a pump speed based on the second system pressure (PL) and the powertrain temperature (TP);
causing the first system pressure PH to approach a setpoint pressure by repeatedly increasing or decreasing a speed of the compressor; and
causing the second system pressure PL to approach a setpoint by repeatedly increasing or decreasing a flow rate of a first liquid through a chiller evaporator.
9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
causing the second system pressure PL to approach a setpoint by repeatedly increasing or decreasing a flow rate of air over a condenser.
10 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
causing the battery temperature TB to stay within a temperature range by allowing or preventing the first liquid to flow through a chiller evaporator.
11 . A two-phase cooling loop system comprising:
a variable-speed compressor;
a first evaporator thermally coupled to a first single-phase cooling loop having a pump and a thermal load;
a second evaporator thermally coupled to a vehicle interior;
a first condenser thermally coupled to the vehicle interior;
a second condenser thermally coupled to air outside of the vehicle interior;
a first plurality of valves allowing or preventing flow of a refrigerant to each evaporator;
a second plurality of valves directing flow of the refrigerant to the first or second condensers; and
a second single-phase cooling loop that can be combined with or split from the first single-phase cooling loop, wherein the second single-phase cooling loop includes a variable-speed pump, a thermal load, and a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the air outside of the vehicle interior, wherein the first and second single-phase cooling loops are combined when a powertrain temperature TP is below a first threshold temperature, and wherein the first and second single-phase cooling loops are split when the powertrain temperature TP is above a second threshold temperature.
12 . The two-phase cooling loop system of claim 11 , wherein the thermal load comprises at least one of a motor and power electronics.
13 . The two-phase cooling loop system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a temperature sensor.
14 . The two-phase cooling loop system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a pressure sensor coupled to measure pressure between a pump output and a condenser input.
15 . The two-phase cooling loop system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a pressure sensor coupled to measure pressure between a pump input and an evaporator output.