Method and apparatus for multimodal electrical modulation of pain
Apparatus and methods for managing pain uses separate varying electromagnetic fields, with a variety of temporal and amplitude characteristics, which are applied to a particular neural structure to modulate glial and neuronal interactions as a mechanism for relieving chronic pain. In another embodiment, a single composite modulation/stimulation signal which has rhythmically varying characteristics is used to achieve the same results as separate varying electromagnetic fields. Also, disclosed is an apparatus and method for modulating the expression of genes involved in diverse pathways including inflammatory/immune system mediators, ion channels and neurotransmitters, in both the Spinal Cord (SC) and Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) where such expression modulation is caused by spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation using the disclosed apparatus and techniques.
1. A method comprising:
providing a priming signal to a first subgroup of a plurality of electrodes that generates a first electromagnetic stimulus stimulating glial cells of a subject; and
simultaneously with the priming signal, providing a tonic signal to a second subgroup of the plurality of electrodes that generates a second electromagnetic stimulus stimulating neurons of the subject simultaneously and differentially from the first electromagnetic stimulus,
wherein the priming signal and the tonic signal have at least one uncommon parameter therebetween resulting in the second electromagnetic stimulus having a different electrical parameter than the first electromagnetic stimulus, and
wherein characteristics of the first electromagnetic stimulus and the second electromagnetic stimulus control any one or more of glial depolarization, release or uptake of ions, or release of glial transmitters by the glial cells.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the priming signal and tonic signal are provided by at least a first electric signal source and a second electric signal source, and
wherein the first subgroup of electrodes is electrically coupled to the first electric signal source, and
wherein the second subgroup of electrodes is electrically coupled to the second electric signal source.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the priming signal and the tonic signal have one or more of any of different respective amplitudes, frequencies, relative phases, waveform shapes, or widths.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein both the priming and tonic signals have different respective frequencies below 1,500 Hz.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the priming signal or the tonic signal has a frequency below the other of the priming signal or the tonic signal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the priming signal comprises one of a monophasic electrical signal or a biphasic electrical signal.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tonic signal comprises one of a monophasic electrical signal or a biphasic electrical signal.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the priming signal has a frequency of between 200 Hz and 1500 Hz.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tonic signal has a frequency of between 20 Hz and 150 Hz.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tonic signal has a frequency of 50 Hz.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the priming signal has a frequency that is higher than the tonic signal.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a ratio of the frequency of the priming signal to a frequency of the tonic signal is in a range of 20:1 to 40:1.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the priming signal has a frequency of between 200 Hz and 1500 Hz.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the tonic signal has a frequency of between 1 Hz and 199 Hz.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electromagnetic stimulus and the second electromagnetic stimulus are provided by one or more electrodes connected to a signal generation module, the plurality of electrodes comprising the one or more electrodes.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more electrodes comprises two or more electrodes.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the signal generation module comprises a multimodal signal generator controllable by one of a plurality of multimodal signal parameter programs and configured for simultaneously generating the first electromagnetic stimulus via the priming signal and the second electromagnetic stimulus via the tonic signal.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising selecting, by a selection device, one of the plurality of multimodal signal parameter programs stored in memory, the one of the plurality of multimodal signal parameter programs defining at least one of the priming signal or the tonic signal.