Multi kW class blue laser system
The invention may be embodied in other forms than those specifically disclosed herein without departing from itMulti-kW-class blue (400-495 nm) fiber-delivered lasers and module configurations. In embodiments, the lasers propagate laser beams having beam parameter products of <5 mm*mrad, which are used in materials processing, welding and pumping a Raman laser. In an embodiment the laser system is an integration of fiber-coupled modules, which are in turn made up of submodules. An embodiment has sub-modules having a plurality of lensed blue semiconductor gain chips with low reflectivity front facets. These are locked in wavelength with a wavelength spread of <1 nm by using volume Bragg gratings in an external cavity configuration. An embodiment has modules having of a plurality of submodules, which are combined through wavelength multiplexing with a bandwidth of <10 nm, followed by polarization beam combining. The output of each module is fiber-coupled into a low NA fiber. In an embodiment a kW-level blue laser system is realized by fiber bundling and combining multiple modules into a single output fiber.
1. An optical apparatus configured to produce a multi-kW laser radiation with blue emission in a range of 400 nm to 495 nm, the optical apparatus comprising:
a. a plurality of fiber-coupled modules, where each of the plurality of modules comprises a plurality of submodules;
i. wherein the submodules comprise a lensed blue semiconductor gain chip from a GaN material system, with a coating on a front facet with lower reflectivity optimized for locking;
ii. wherein the gain chip is mounted on thermally conductive sub-mount, with the lower reflectivity facet facing outward and with a fast axis-collimating lens attached in front of the gain chip;
iii. wherein the gain chip is mounted on a staircase heatsink in a cavity to optimally align a fast axis beamlet;
iv. wherein the gain chip has its slow axis collimated by a slow axis collimating lens and has its radiation being redirected by a turning mirror to an output coupler; and,
v. wherein each of the submodules is aligned through a dichroic filter and the output coupler provides feedback to the gain chip and the dichroic filter determines an operating wavelength of each of the submodules;
b. wherein the plurality of submodules in the plurality of fiber-coupled modules is configured, whereby;
i. two groups of two submodules are combined through wavelength multiplexing with a bandwidth of <10 nm to define two wavelength multiplexed submodule groups; and,
ii. the two wavelength multiplexed submodule groups are combined via polarization beam combining into an output fiber;
c. the output fibers of the plurality of fiber-coupled modules are bundled and combined into a single output fiber, thereby defining a KW-level blue laser system.
2. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of gain chips has a beam parameter product of <3.5 mm*mrad on the fast axis.
3. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of gain chips has a beam parameter product <5 mm*mrad on the slow axis.
4. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a laser beam from the single output fiber has a beam parameter product in the range of 3.5 mm-mrad to 5 mm-mrad overall.
5. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a laser beam from the single output fiber has a beam parameter product in the range of 5 mm-mrad to 10 mm-mrad overall.
6. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a laser beam from the single output fiber has a spectral emission of <10 nm.
7. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a laser beam from the single output fiber has a spectral emission in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm.
8. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the gain chip front facets reflectivity is <10%.
9. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the gain chip front facets reflectivity is in the range of 10% to 30%.
10. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the submodules comprises a plurality of gain chips.
11. The optical apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the gain chips are connected electrically and wire-bonded to submodule electrodes.
12. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein, each submodule has <1 nm spectral distribution following wavelength locking in the cavity.
13. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the fiber-coupled modules comprises two sets of twelve submodules.
14. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising a cooling manifold.
15. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising safety interlocks.
16. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising optical power-monitoring detectors.
17. The optical apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising temperature-monitoring sensors.
18. An optical apparatus configured to produce a multi-kW laser radiation with blue emission in a range of 400 nm to 495 nm, the optical apparatus comprising:
a. a plurality of fiber-coupled modules, where each of the plurality of fiber-coupled modules comprises a plurality of submodules;
i. wherein the submodules comprise a plurality of lensed blue semiconductor laser chips from a GaN material system, with a Distributed Bragg or Feedback Grating integrated into the laser chip to select an operating wavelength;
ii. wherein the laser chips are mounted on thermally conductive sub-mounts, with a lower reflectivity facet facing outward and with a fast axis-collimating lens attached in front of the laser chips;
iii. wherein the laser chips are mounted on a thermally conductive heatsink, with a slow axis collimating lens positioned after the fast axis-collimating lens, thereby defining lensed laser chips;
iv. wherein the lensed laser chips are mounted on a staircase heatsink;
v. wherein a polarization of each laser chip is established by a waveguide configuration;
b. wherein the plurality of submodules in the plurality of fiber-coupled modules is configured whereby;
i. the submodules are combined through wavelength multiplexing with a bandwidth of <10 nm to define a plurality of wavelength multiplexed submodule groups; and,
ii. the wavelength multiplexed submodule groups are combined via polarization beam combining into an output fiber;
c. the output fibers of the plurality of fiber-coupled modules are bundled and combined in a fiber coupler into a single output fiber, thereby defining a KW-level blue laser system.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein an output of the laser chips is collimated and is redirected with a turning mirror to a beam combining element.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein an output of the laser chips is collimated and is aligned with a beam combining element.
21. The apparatus of claim 18 , comprising a reactive multi-layer foil, wherein the foil undergoes a self-sustaining exothermic reaction after a heat pulse to bond the lensed laser chips into the submodules and the submodules into the modules.
22. The apparatus of claim 18 , configured to provide a sufficiently narrow linewidth to pump a fiber based Raman laser.
23. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein all optical components have low absorption in the blue region of the spectrum and the fiber coupler is optimized for blue light transmission.
24. A method of using the apparatus of claim 1 for a laser operation.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the laser operation is selected from one or more of 3-D printing, additive manufacturing, subtractive/additive manufacturing, welding, surface treating, and cutting.
26. A method of using the apparatus of claim 18 for a laser operation.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the laser operation is selected from one or more of 3-D printing, additive manufacturing, subtractive/additive manufacturing, welding, surface treating, and cutting.