Systems for and methods for improving mechanical properties of ceramic material
Systems for and methods for improving mechanical properties of ceramic material are provided. The system comprises a heat source for heating the ceramic material to a temperature greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material; a probe for mounting the ceramic material and configured to extend the ceramic material into the heat source; a plasma-confining medium and a sacrificial layer disposed between the ceramic material and the plasma-confining medium; and an energy pulse generator such as a laser pulse generator. The sacrificial layer is utilized to form plasma between the ceramic material and the plasma-confining medium. The method comprises heating ceramic material to a temperature greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material and subjecting the ceramic material to energy pulses via a sacrificial layer and a plasma-confining medium whereby a plasma of the sacrificial coating forms between the ceramic material and a plasma-confining medium.
1. A method of improving one or more mechanical properties of ceramic material, the method comprising:
beating a ceramic material to a temperature, T, greater than a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the ceramic material, wherein the temperature, T, is from 800° C. to 1500° C.; and
subjecting the ceramic material, while at the temperature, T, to energy pulses via a sacrificial layer and a plasma-confining medium such that a plasma of the sacrificial coating forms between the ceramic material and a plasma-confining medium.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature, T, is from 1000° C. to 1250° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material comprises a substance selected from alumina (“Al 2 O 3 ”), zirconia (“ZrO 2 ”), yttrium-stabilized zirconia (“YSZ”), silicon carbide (“SiC”), boron carbide (“B 4 C”), silicon nitride (“Si 3 N 4 ”), aluminum nitride (“AlN”), zirconium boride (“ZrB 2 ”), hafnium boride (“HfB 2 ”), or a composite ceramic substance thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material is mounted to a ceramic probe comprising a material selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia and silica.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the ceramic material is mounted to the ceramic probe via an adhesive composition comprising a material selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia aluminum nitride, graphite, silica, and silicon carbide.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sacrificial layer comprises a metal foil capable of forming plasma when exposed to laser pulses and having oxidation resistance at the temperature T.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sacrificial layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel foil, ferritic steel, iron, and nickel alloy.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma-confining medium comprises a material selected from the group consisting of fused silica, fused quartz, sapphire and transparent alumina.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having a wavelength of from 800 to 1200 nm.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the laser pulses have a wavelength of 1064 nm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having an energy from 0.1 to 2 Joule.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having an incident laser power intensity of from 1 to 30 GW/cm 2 .
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having an overlap ratio of from 25 to 90%.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having a spot diameter of from 0.1 to 5 mm.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having a duration of from 1 to 30 nanoseconds.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy pulses include laser pulses having a pulse quantity of from 1 to 100.