TISSUE ABLATION AND MONITORING THEREOF
An ablation catheter including an elongate shaft, an inflatable balloon positioned at a distal region of the elongate shaft, a first ablation electrode disposed outside of and carried by an outer surface of the inflatable balloon, a first ultrasound transducer disposed outside of the inflatable balloon, and a flexible circuit. The flexible circuit includes a first conductor and a second conductor and is disposed outside of and carried by the outer surface of the inflatable balloon. The first conductor is in electrical communication with the first ablation electrode, and the second conductor in electrical communication with the first ultrasound transducer.
1 . An ablation catheter, comprising:
an inflatable balloon carried by a distal region of an elongate shaft;
a flexible circuit carried by an outer surface of the balloon, the flexible circuit comprising:
a substrate including a substrate discontinuity;
a conductor layer disposed over the substrate; and
an ablation electrode disposed over the substrate discontinuity and the conductor layer and in in electrical communication with the conductor layer.
2 . The ablation catheter of claim 1 , wherein the substrate discontinuity is a hole in the substrate.
3 . The ablation catheter of claim 1 , wherein the flexible circuit further comprises an irrigation aperture extending through the outer surface of the balloon and through the substrate, the conductor layer and the ablation electrode.
4 . The ablation catheter of claim 3 , wherein the conductor layer further includes a conductor layer discontinuity, and wherein the ablation electrode is disposed over the conductor layer discontinuity.
5 . The ablation catheter of claim 4 , wherein a portion of the ablation electrode is disposed directly over the outer surface of the balloon.
6 . The ablation catheter of claim 1 , wherein the substrate discontinuity is at least partially filled with a reflection adjuster.
7 . The ablation catheter of claim 1 , wherein the reflection adjuster is a black paint.
8 . The ablation catheter of claim 1 , wherein the reflection adjuster is a conductive black paint.
9 . An ablation catheter, comprising
an inflatable balloon secured to a distal region of an elongate shaft; and
a flexible circuit carried by an outer surface of the balloon, the flexible circuit including an electrical conductor in electrical communication with an ablation electrode and an electrophoretic ink disposed radially within the ablation electrode, the electrophoretic ink being adapted to change absorbance upon activation.
10 . The ablation catheter of claim 9 , wherein the electrical conductor is a transparent conductor.
11 . The ablation catheter of claim 9 , wherein the electronic ink is radially between the conductor and the ablation electrode.
12 . The ablation catheter of claim 9 , wherein the ablation electrode is a conductor adapted for use in activating the electrophoretic ink.
13 . The ablation catheter of claim 9 , wherein activation comprises supplying a charge across the electrophoretic ink.
14 . The ablation catheter of claim 9 , wherein the electrophoretic ink is also disposed in a discontinuity in a substrate layer of the flexible circuit.
15 . The ablation catheter of claim 9 , wherein the electrophoretic ink is a light absorber.
16 . An ablation catheter, comprising:
an inflatable balloon carried by a distal region of an elongate shaft;
a flexible circuit carried by an outer surface of the balloon, the flexible circuit comprising:
a substrate including a substrate discontinuity;
a conductor layer disposed over the substrate;
an ultrasound transducer disposed on the outer surface of the balloon and within the substrate discontinuity; and
an ablation electrode disposed over the substrate discontinuity and the conductor layer and in in electrical communication with the conductor layer.
17 . The ablation catheter of claim 16 , wherein the substrate discontinuity is a hole in the substrate.
18 . The ablation catheter of claim 17 , wherein the flexible circuit further comprises an irrigation aperture extending through the outer surface of the balloon and through the substrate, the conductor layer and the ablation electrode.
19 . The ablation catheter of claim 16 , wherein the conductor layer further includes a conductor layer discontinuity, and wherein the ablation electrode is disposed over the conductor layer discontinuity, and wherein the ultrasound transducer is disposed within the conductor layer discontinuity.
20 . The ablation catheter of claim 19 , wherein a portion of the ablation electrode is disposed directly over the outer surface of the balloon.