Hydrogen generation using a fuel cell system with an REP
A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell including: an anode, and a cathode configured to output cathode exhaust, wherein: the fuel cell is configured to generate waste heat; a reformer configured to partially reform a feed gas using the waste heat and output a hydrogen-containing stream; a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (“REP”) including: an REP anode configured to receive a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream, and an REP cathode; and an indirect reforming unit disposed on the anode, which is configured to further reform the hydrogen-containing stream and output a fuel turn gas.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell configured to receive a partially reformed feed gas, the fuel cell comprising:
an anode, and
a cathode configured to output cathode exhaust, wherein:
the fuel cell is configured to generate waste heat;
a reformer configured to partially reform a feed gas comprising fuel from a fuel supply using the waste heat and output the partially reformed feed gas comprising a hydrogen-containing stream;
a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (“REP”) comprising:
an REP anode configured to receive a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream, and
an REP cathode; and
an indirect reforming unit disposed on the anode, which is configured to further reform the hydrogen-containing stream and output a fuel turn gas.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a heat exchanger configured to heat the feed gas using the waste heat and to output a heated feed gas; wherein:
the waste heat is conveyed to the heat exchanger in the cathode exhaust; and
the reformer is configured to receive the heated feed gas.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first heat exchanger configured to heat the feed gas using the waste heat and to output a heated feed gas to the reformer; and
a second heat exchanger configured to receive the partially reformed feed gas from the reformer.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell is configured to receive a second portion of the hydrogen-containing stream.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein:
a first portion of the fuel turn gas is the first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream received by the REP anode; and
the anode is configured to receive a second portion of the fuel turn gas.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the REP anode is configured to receive a portion of anode exhaust output from the anode.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the anode is configured to receive a portion of the fuel turn gas output from the indirect reforming unit.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an anode gas oxidizer (“AGO”) configured to receive anode exhaust from the anode; and
a heat transfer element disposed in the AGO; wherein:
the fuel cell system is configured to mix the first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream with water from a water supply to form a hydrated feed gas; and
the heat transfer element is configured to receive the hydrated feed gas and to transfer heat from an oxidation reaction in the AGO to the hydrated feed gas.
9. The fuel cell system of claim 8 , wherein the REP anode is configured to receive the hydrated feed gas from the heat transfer element.
10. The fuel cell system of claim 9 , wherein:
the reformer is a first reformer, the fuel cell further comprising a second reformer disposed between the heat transfer element and the REP anode; and
the REP anode is configured to receive the hydrated feed gas from the heat transfer element.
11. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell configured to receive a partially reformed feed gas, the fuel cell comprising:
an anode, and
a cathode configured to output cathode exhaust, wherein:
the fuel cell is configured to generate waste heat;
a first reformer configured to partially reform a feed gas comprising fuel from a fuel supply using the waste heat and output the partially reformed feed gas comprising a hydrogen-containing stream;
a reformer-electrolyzer-purifier (“REP”) comprising:
an REP anode configured to receive a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream, and
an REP cathode;
an anode gas oxidizer (“AGO”) configured to receive anode exhaust from the anode;
a heat transfer element disposed in the AGO; and
a second reformer disposed between the heat transfer element and the REP anode; wherein:
the AGO is configured to oxidize the anode exhaust with air from an air supply;
the fuel cell system is configured to mix the first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream with water from a water supply to form a hydrated feed gas;
the heat transfer element is configured to receive the hydrated feed gas and to transfer heat from an oxidation reaction in the AGO to the hydrated feed gas;
the REP anode is configured to receive the hydrated feed gas from the heat transfer element; and
the second reformer is configured to further reform the hydrated feed gas before introduction to the REP anode.
12. The fuel cell system of claim 11 , wherein the AGO is configured to receive heated sweep gas from the REP cathode.
13. The fuel cell system of claim 11 , wherein the second reformer is configured to receive heat from the oxidation reaction in the AGO.
14. The fuel cell system of claim 11 , wherein the REP cathode is configured to receive air passing through the heat transfer element as sweep gas.
15. The fuel cell system of claim 11 , wherein the REP anode is configured to receive steam from the water supply.
16. A method of operating a fuel cell system comprising:
providing a fuel cell configured to receive a partially reformed feed gas, the fuel cell having an anode and a cathode;
providing a reformer;
providing an REP having an REP anode and an REP cathode;
generating waste heat from the fuel cell;
heating a feed gas comprising fuel from a fuel supply with the waste heat, thereby forming heated feed gas;
partially reforming the heated feed gas in the reformer and outputting the partially reformed feed gas comprising a hydrogen-containing stream;
hydrating a first portion of the hydrogen-containing stream with steam from a water supply to form a hydrated feed gas;
feeding a second portion of the hydrogen-containing stream to the anode;
outputting anode exhaust from the anode;
mixing a portion of the anode exhaust with the hydrated feed gas; and
feeding the hydrated feed gas to the REP anode.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
outputting fuel turn gas from an indirect reforming unit to the REP anode.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
passing a portion of the feed gas through a fuel turn manifold from an indirect reforming unit to the REP anode.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
outputting a first portion of a fuel turn gas from an indirect reforming unit to the REP anode; and
feeding a second portion of the fuel turn gas to the anode.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
outputting the anode exhaust to the REP anode.