Methods for making ultrasound contrast agents
Provided herein are improved methods for preparing phospholipid formulations including phospholipid UCA formulations.
1. A method of ultrasound contrast imaging a subject using an ultrasound contrast agent having reduced batch-to-batch loss of total and individual phospholipid content comprising
a) controlling the calcium and/or magnesium concentration across multiple batches of a phospholipid solution to less than 0.7 ppm, wherein the phospholipid solution comprises one or more phospholipids in propylene glycol, combining one of the multiple batches of the phospholipid solution with an aqueous solution to form a phospholipid suspension, and filtering the phospholipid suspension through a 0.2 micron filter to form a filtered phospholipid suspension,
b) activating the filtered phospholipid suspension with a perfluorocarbon gas to form lipid-encapsulated gas microspheres,
c) administering the lipid-encapsulated microspheres to a subject, and
d) obtaining an ultrasound image of the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more phospholipids comprise DPPC and MPEG-5000-DPPE.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more phospholipids comprise DPPA, DPPC and MPEG-5000-DPPE.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more phospholipids comprise DPPA, DPPC and MPEG5000-DPPE in molar percentages of 5-15%, 77-90% and 5-15%, respectively.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more phospholipids comprise DPPA, DPPC and MPEG-5000-DPPE in a mole percentage ratio of 10 to 82 to 8 (10:82:8).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfluorocarbon gas is perfluoropropane gas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution comprises water, propylene glycol and glycerol.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aqueous solution further comprises one or more salts.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aqueous solution further comprises one or more buffers.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phospholipid suspension experiences equal to or less than 10% loss of an individual phospholipid upon filtration through the 0.2 micron filter.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phospholipid suspension experiences equal to or less than 2% loss of an individual phospholipid upon filtration through a 0.2 micron filter.
12. A method of ultrasound contrast imaging a subject using an ultrasound contrast agent having reduced batch-to-batch loss of total and individual phospholipid content comprising
a) controlling the calcium and/or magnesium concentration across multiple batches of a phospholipid solution to less than 0.7 ppm, wherein the phospholipid solution comprises one or more phospholipids in propylene glycol, and combining one of the multiple batches of the phospholipid solution with an aqueous solution to form a phospholipid suspension,
b) activating the phospholipid suspension with a perfluorocarbon gas to form lipid-encapsulated gas microspheres,
c) administering the lipid-encapsulated microspheres to a subject, and
d) obtaining an ultrasound image of the subject,
wherein controlling the calcium and/or magnesium concentration across multiple batches comprises
(i) analyzing the calcium and/or magnesium concentration of each batch,
(ii) forming the phospholipid solution with the one or more phospholipids having known calcium and/or magnesium concentration, or
(iii) measuring calcium and/or magnesium concentration of the one or more phospholipids used to form the phospholipid solution.
13. A method of ultrasound contrast imaging a subject comprising
a) controlling calcium and/or magnesium concentration of a phospholipid solution to less than 0.7 ppm, wherein the phospholipid solution comprises one or more phospholipids in propylene glycol, and combining the phospholipid solution with an aqueous solution to form a phospholipid suspension that maintains at least 90% of an individual phospholipid content upon filtration through a 0.2 micron filter,
b) activating the phospholipid suspension with a perfluorocarbon gas to form lipid-encapsulated gas microspheres,
c) administering the lipid-encapsulated microspheres to a subject, and
d) obtaining an ultrasound image of the subject.