Pump for two-phase magnetic fluids
Architectures and methods of operation for a pump for pumping two-phase magnetic fluids are described. The pump is capable of such pumping and may operate with no moving parts. Instead, the pump operates by selectively activating and deactivating each of a series of electrical circuits to control the presence or absence of magnetic fields applied to the two-phase magnetic fluid. The two-phase magnetic fluid may include liquid phase and gas phase, which may be in the form of bubbles. Though a presence of bubbles in a liquid may lead to cavitation and failure in some pumps, pumps for pumping two-phase magnetic fluids can avoid such a failure mechanism, in addition to avoiding another failure mechanism of wear and tear on moving parts.
1 . A pump for conveying a two-phase magnetic fluid, the pump comprising:
a vessel for conveying the two-phase magnetic fluid, the vessel including an input port and an output port for the two-phase magnetic fluid;
a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet, the first electromagnet located closer than the second electromagnet to the input port, and the second electromagnet located closer than the first electromagnet to the output port, wherein at least one of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet comprises a shield configured to reshape the magnetic field of the electromagnet so as to create an asymmetric magnetic flux distribution across the vessel; and
electronics to energize the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet sequentially such that i) the energized first electromagnet applies a force on the two-phase magnetic fluid to convey the two-phase magnetic fluid from the input port of the vessel and toward the first electromagnet, and ii) the energized second electromagnet applies a force on the two-phase magnetic fluid to convey the two-phase magnetic fluid away from the first electromagnet and toward the output port of the vessel.
2 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located outside of the vessel and along a perimeter of the vessel.
3 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located to be subjected to cryogenic temperatures of the two-phase magnetic fluid via a wall of the vessel.
4 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet comprise superconducting conductors.
5 . The pump of claim 4 , wherein the superconducting conductors of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are located inside of the vessel and configured to be at least partially immersed and cooled by the two-phase magnetic fluid.
6 . A pump for conveying a two-phase magnetic fluid, the pump comprising:
a vessel for conveying the two-phase magnetic fluid, the vessel including an input port and an output port for the two-phase magnetic fluid;
a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet, the first electromagnet located closer than the second electromagnet to the input port, and the second electromagnet located closer than the first electromagnet to the output port; and
electronics to energize the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet sequentially such that i) the energized first electromagnet applies a force on the two-phase magnetic fluid to convey the two-phase magnetic fluid from the input port of the vessel and toward the first electromagnet, and ii) the energized second electromagnet applies a force on the two-phase magnetic fluid to convey the two-phase magnetic fluid away from the first electromagnet and toward the output port of the vessel, wherein the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet comprise shielding to at least partially block magnetic flux produced by the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet on the output port side of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet, respectively.
7 . The pump of claim 4 , wherein the magnetic flux of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet penetrate the vessel.
8 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are configured to vary how long the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are energized based, at least in part, on flow speed of the two-phase magnetic fluid.
9 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the electronics are configured to reverse the sequence of energizing the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet to stop or reverse direction of flow of the two-phase magnetic fluid.
10 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the two-phase magnetic fluid includes a gas phase and a liquid phase.
11 . The pump of claim 1 , wherein the two-phase magnetic fluid comprises liquid oxygen.
12 . The pump of claim 1 , further comprising one or more sensors to measure speed or volume of flow of the two-phase magnetic fluid.
13 . A pump for conveying a two-phase magnetic fluid, the pump comprising:
a vessel for conveying the two-phase magnetic fluid, the vessel including an input port and an output port for flow of the two-phase magnetic fluid, the two-phase magnetic fluid comprising a cryogenic two-phase magnetic fluid
superconducting electromagnets configured to be sequentially energized to produce an asymmetric magnetic field in the two-phase magnetic fluid to create a force imbalance on the two-phase magnetic fluid that imparts movement of the two-phase magnetic fluid in a general direction from the input port to the output port, wherein the superconducting electromagnets are located in a region thermally shared with the two-phase magnetic fluid and bounded by thermal insulation, such that the superconducting electromagnets are cooled by the cryogenic two-phase magnetic fluid while being isolated from direct contact with the fluid; and
electronics to sequentially energize the superconducting electromagnets.
14 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the superconducting electromagnets are positioned between a wall of the vessel and the thermal insulation such that they are cooled by conduction through the wall of the vessel.
15 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the superconducting electromagnets are positioned in an interior vessel concentric with the vessel and isolated from the two-phase magnetic fluid by a membrane, the interior vessel being thermally shared with the two-phase magnetic fluid.
16 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the electronics are configured to vary frequency or time period that the superconducting electromagnets are sequentially energized based, at least in part, on flow speed of the two-phase magnetic fluid.
17 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the electronics are configured to reverse the sequence of energizing the superconducting electromagnets to stop or reverse direction of flow of the two-phase magnetic fluid.
18 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the two-phase magnetic fluid includes a gas phase and a liquid phase.
19 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the two-phase magnetic fluid comprises liquid oxygen.
20 . The pump of claim 13 , wherein the two-phase magnetic fluid comprises a ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic fluid.