Method and apparatus for fabricating reformable stiffening elements
A stiffening element comprises a tension and compression member, a shear member, an attachment member, and a plurality of beads. The tension and compression member is positioned spaced apart from the skin and configured to bear tension or compression forces that stiffen the skin and prevent the skin from buckling or bending. The shear member is connected to the tension and compression member and configured to bear shear forces between the skin and the tension and compression member. The attachment member is connected to the shear member and is configured to connect to the skin. The beads each create out-of-plane feature that is positioned in at least one of the shear member and the attachment member. The beads permit the stiffening element be reshaped to adjust a longitudinal curvature of the stiffening element.
1. A method of reshaping a stiffening element to be attached to a skin of aircraft components for providing structural reinforcement, wherein the stiffening member is elongate and has a length, wherein the stiffening element comprises a bead forming an out-of-plane feature in the stiffening element extending transverse to the length, wherein the stiffening element has a first and second lengthwise segments on opposite sides of the bead, the method comprising:
attaching a clamp to the bead, the clamp including
an upper clamp member contacting at least a portion of a first surface of the bead,
a lower clamp member contacting at least a portion of a second, opposing surface of the bead, and
a plurality of resilient members which urge the upper clamp member to apply pressure on the stiffening element toward the lower clamp member;
heating the stiffening element to a temperature above the glass transition temperature for the stiffening element material; and
reducing the temperature from the heating step after a time period;
wherein while the stiffening element is heated to the temperature above the glass transition temperature and while the upper clamp member and lower clamp member are contacting the portions of the first and second opposing surfaces of the bead, the plurality of resilient members simultaneously urge the upper clamp member to apply pressure on the stiffening element toward the lower clamp member and thereby bend the stiffening element at the bead such that an angle between the first and second lengthwise segments on opposite sides of the bead changes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the upper clamp member includes at least one wall with a contact surface that contacts at least a portion of the first surface of the bead and the contact surface includes a first feature to flatten the bead or a second feature to enhance the bead, and
the lower clamp member includes at least one wall with a contact surface that contacts at least a portion of the second surface of the bead and the contact surface includes a first feature to flatten the bead or a second feature to enhance the bead.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a recess that has a depth smaller than a height of the bead, and the first feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height smaller than a depth of the bead.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a recess that receives the bead, and the second feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height greater than a depth of the bead.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height smaller than a depth of the bead, and the first feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a recess that has a depth smaller than a height of the bead.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height greater than a depth of the bead, and the second feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a recess that receives the bead.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stiffening element includes
a tension and compression member configured to bear tension or compression forces that act on the skin,
first and second shear members, each connected to the tension and compression member and configured to bear shear forces that act on the skin,
an attachment member connected to the first and second shear members and configured to connect to the skin, and
a plurality of beads, each bead creating an out-of-plane feature that is positioned in the shear members and the attachment member, each bead configured to be reshaped to adjust a longitudinal curvature of the stiffening element.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upper clamp member includes at least one wall with a contact surface that contacts at least a portion of the first surface of the bead and the contact surface includes a first feature to flatten the bead.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a recess that has a depth smaller than a height of the bead.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes protrusion that has a height smaller than a depth of the bead.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lower clamp member includes at least one wall with a contact surface that contacts at least a portion of the second surface of the bead and the contact surface includes a first feature to flatten the bead.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height smaller than a depth of the bead.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a recess that has a depth smaller than a height of the bead.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upper clamp member includes at least one wall with a contact surface that contacts at least a portion of the first surface of the bead and the contact surface includes a first feature to enhance the bead.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a recess that receives the bead.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the upper clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height greater than a depth of the bead.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lower clamp member includes at least one wall with a contact surface that contacts at least a portion of the second surface of the bead and the contact surface includes a first feature to enhance the bead.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a protrusion that has a height greater than a depth of the bead.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first feature of the contact surface of the lower clamp member includes a recess that receives the bead.
20. A method of reshaping a bead of a stiffening element to be attached to a skin of aircraft components for providing structural reinforcement, the method comprising:
attaching a clamp to the bead, the clamp including
an upper clamp member contacting at least a portion of a first surface of the bead,
a lower clamp member contacting at least a portion of a second, opposing surface of the bead, and
a plurality of coil springs which urge the upper clamp member to apply pressure on the stiffening element toward the lower clamp member;
heating the stiffening element to a temperature above the glass transition temperature for the stiffening element material; and
reducing the temperature from the heating step after a time period.