Positive electrode active material and preparation method thereof, secondary battery, and electric apparatus
A positive electrode active material and a preparation method thereof, a secondary battery, and an electric apparatus are provided. The positive electrode active material in the present invention includes: a core, where the core is a lithium-containing phosphate; a first coating layer disposed on at least part of surface of the core, where the first coating layer is a carbon coating layer co-doped with titanium and nitrogen; and a second coating layer disposed on at least part of surface of the first coating layer, where the second coating layer includes Li 1+x M x Ti 2−x (PO 4 ) 3 , where M is at least one element selected from aluminum, lanthanum, indium, zirconium, gallium, and scandium, and 0.2≤x≤0.8. With use of the positive electrode active material of the present invention, a high discharge capacity, excellent rate performance, and excellent cycling performance can be achieved.
1. A positive electrode active material, comprising:
a core, wherein the core is a lithium-containing phosphate;
a first coating layer, disposed on at least part of surface of the core, wherein the first coating layer is a carbon coating layer co-doped with titanium and nitrogen; and
a second coating layer, disposed on at least part of surface of the first coating layer, wherein the second coating layer comprises Li 1+x M x Ti 2−x (PO 4 ) 3 , wherein M is at least one element selected from aluminum, lanthanum, indium, zirconium, gallium, and scandium, and 0.2≤x≤0.8.
2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
the lithium-containing phosphate comprises at least one of compounds represented by LiA y B 1−y PO 4 , wherein A is one or more of iron, nickel, cobalt, or manganese, B is one or more of vanadium, copper, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, or magnesium, and 0.8≤y≤1.
3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
in the first coating layer, a molar ratio of titanium, nitrogen, and carbon is 1:(2.5−5):(6−16).
4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of titanium, nitrogen, and carbon is 1:(3-4.5):(8-14).
5. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
M is at least one element selected from indium, gallium, and scandium.
6. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
a mass ratio of the core, the first coating layer, and the second coating layer is 1:(0.2-0.5):(0.3-0.7).
7. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
a thickness of the first coating layer is 5 nm-20 nm; or
a thickness of the second coating layer is 10 nm-60 nm.
8. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
a thickness of the first coating layer is 8 nm-15 nm; or
a thickness of the second coating layer is 15 nm-50 nm.
9. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
a median particle size D v 50 of the positive electrode active material is 0.25 μm-0.85 μm.
10. The positive electrode active material according to claim 9 , wherein the median particle size D v 50 of the positive electrode active material is 0.35 μm-0.65 μm.
11. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
a tap density of the positive electrode active material is 1.2 g/cm 3 -1.4 g/cm 3 .
12. The positive electrode active material according to claim 11 , wherein
the tap density of the positive electrode active material is 1.25 g/cm 3 -1.35 g/cm 3 .
13. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein
a specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is 8 m 2 /g-12 m 2 /g.
14. The positive electrode active material according to claim 13 , wherein
the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is 9 m 2 /g-10 m 2 /g.
15. A preparation method of a positive electrode active material, comprising the following steps:
step S1: letting a lithium salt, a phosphate compound, an A salt react in a solution;
step S2: dispersing a titanium-containing compound and a nitrogen-containing organic compound into the solution obtained in step S1 for a polymerization reaction;
step S3: adding a second titanium-containing compound, a second phosphate compound, and an M salt after the polymerization reaction in step S2 ends, and when the solution becomes a suspension, adding a second lithium salt and stirring continuously; and
step S4: completely evaporating solvent in a reaction system, grinding a resulting product, and sintering the resulting product in an inert atmosphere to obtain the positive electrode active material;
wherein the positive electrode active material comprises: a core, wherein the core is a lithium-containing phosphate; a first coating layer disposed on at least part of surface of the core, wherein the first coating layer is a carbon coating layer co-doped with titanium and nitrogen; and a second coating layer disposed on at least part of surface of the first coating layer, wherein the second coating layer comprises Li 1+x M x Ti 2−x (PO 4 ) 3 , wherein M is at least one element selected from aluminum, lanthanum, indium, zirconium, gallium, and scandium, and 0.2≤x≤0.8.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein
In step S1, pH of the solution of the lithium salt, the phosphate compound, the A salt, is adjusted to 4-6, and an oxidizing agent and a complexing agent are added to the aqueous solution for reaction, wherein
the A salt is one or more of a sulfate, a nitrate, or a chloride of iron, nickel, cobalt, or manganese;
the B salt is one or more of a nitrate, a chloride, or an acetate of vanadium, copper, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, or magnesium;
the phosphate compound is one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate; or
the lithium salt is one or more of lithium oxalate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium acetate.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein
in step S2, the titanium-containing compound is ammonium titanyl oxalate.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein
in step S3, the M salt is at least one of a nitrate, a chloride, or an acetate of aluminum, lanthanum, indium, zirconium, gallium or scandium; and/or
the phosphate compound is a combination of one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate; or
the titanium-containing compound is ammonium titanyl oxalate, and the lithium salt is a combination of one or more of lithium oxalate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium acetate.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein
in step S2, a molar ratio of the titanium-containing compound and the nitrogen-containing organic compound is 1:(1-2.5); and time for the polymerization reaction is 3-8 hours;
in step S3, a molar ratio of lithium, titanium, phosphorus and M element in the lithium salt, titanium-containing compound, phosphate compound and M salt is (1.2-1.8):(1.2-1.8):(3-4):(0.2-0.8); and time for a reaction is 5-10 hours; and
in step S4, the inert atmosphere is N 2 or Ar; and a sintering condition is to maintain at 400-600° C. for 4-6 hours, then heat to 700-800° C. and maintain for 10-15 hours.
20. A secondary battery, comprising:
the positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , or the positive electrode active material prepared in the method according to claim 16 .