Means for using microstructure of materials surface as a unique identifier
The present application concerns the visual identification of materials or documents for tracking or authentication purposes. It describes methods to automatically authenticate an object by comparing some object images with reference images, the object images being characterized by the fact that visual elements used for comparison are non-disturbing for the naked eye. In some described approaches it provides the operator with visible features to locate the area to be imaged. It also proposes ways for real-time implementation enabling user friendly detection using mobile devices like smart phones.
1. An imaging device for object authentication, the imaging device comprising:
a camera to capture one or more images of a candidate manufactured object, showing at least a partial area of a surface of the candidate manufactured object, the surface having been shaped by a manufacturing mold or by at least one process selected from the group consisting of: stamping, engraving, brushing, chemical etching, sanding, milling, spinning, drilling, embossing, thermoforming, machining, and printing, said manufacturing mold or process having produced random or pseudo-random object surface microstructures;
a screen to display the one or more captured images of the candidate manufactured object to an end user operator; and
a processor coupled with the camera and the screen, the processor being adapted to:
display, on the screen, an overlay to aid the end user operator to manually position the imaging device relative to the manufactured object so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match a reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures;
extract an image or a set of feature points as a digital representation of the candidate object surface microstructures from the one or more captured images;
compare the extracted digital representation of the candidate object surface microstructures to the reference digital representation of genuine manufactured object surface microstructures from a genuine manufactured object;
authenticate the candidate manufactured object if the extracted digital representation of the candidate object surface microstructures matches the reference digital representation of the genuine manufactured object surface microstructures; and
display on the screen a message to alert the end user operator that the candidate manufactured object has been authenticated.
2. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the device is a mobile device, a mobile phone, a hand-held device, or a smartphone.
3. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the overlay shows the contours of a product to be imaged.
4. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the overlay shows a noticeable feature of a product to be imaged.
5. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to display the overlay on the device screen until rotation, translation, scaling, tilting, and translation are within margins to enable authentication of the candidate manufactured object.
6. The imaging device of claim 1 , further comprising a flash and wherein the location of a spot corresponding to a reflection of the flash on the candidate manufacture object surface gives an indication of the relative tilting angle between the candidate manufactured object and the imaging device.
7. The imaging device of claim 6 , wherein the processor is configured to calculate the location of the spot by analyzing the color information of the reflection of the flash on the candidate object surface.
8. The imaging device of claim 6 , wherein the processor is configured to analyze the saturated luminance value in the captured image to localize the specular reflection of the flash on the candidate manufactured object surface.
9. The imaging device of claim 6 , wherein the processor is configured to identify a circular shape in the captured image to localize the specular reflection of the flash on the product surface.
10. The imaging device of claim 6 , wherein the camera captures a real-time video of the manufactured object and the screen displays a graphic over the real-time video in order to indicate to the end user operator where the spot should be.
11. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the screen displays a message to aid the end user operator to position the imaging device relative to the manufactured object so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures.
12. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the screen displays an arrow to aid the end user operator to position the imaging device relative to the manufactured object so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures.
13. The imaging device of claim 1 , further comprising an accelerometer and wherein the accelerometer measurement gives an indication of the relative tilting angle between the candidate manufactured object and the imaging device.
14. The imaging device of claim 13 , wherein the processor is configured to store the relative position in space of the imaging device when the end user operator lays the imaging device onto the product surface.
15. The imaging device of claim 14 , wherein the imaging device is configured to capture a snapshot image when the end user operator pulls the imaging device from the product surface and wherein the processor is configured to determine from the accelerometer measurement if the end user has tilted the imaging device while pulling it back.
16. The imaging device of claim 15 , wherein the processor is configured to further apply corrections to the captured image according to the tilting of the imaging device as determined from the accelerometer measurement so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures.
17. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to retrieve the reference digital representation of the genuine manufactured object surface microstructures from a server.
18. A method of operating an imaging device including a camera, a screen and a processor for object authentication, the method comprising:
capturing one or more images of a candidate manufactured object by the imaging device, the one or more images showing at least a partial area of a surface of the candidate manufactured object, the surface having been shaped by a manufacturing mold or by at least one process selected from the group consisting of: stamping, engraving, brushing, chemical etching, sanding, milling, spinning, drilling, embossing, thermoforming, machining, and printing, the mold or process having produced random or pseudo-random object surface microstructures;
displaying the one or more captured images of the candidate manufactured object to an end user operator on the screen;
extracting an image or a set of feature points as a digital representation of a candidate object surface microstructures from the one or more captured images;
comparing by the processor the extracted digital representation of the candidate object surface microstructures to a reference digital representation of genuine manufactured object surface microstructures from a genuine manufactured object;
authenticating by the processor the candidate manufactured object if the extracted digital representation of the candidate object surface microstructures matches the reference digital representation of the genuine manufactured object surface microstructures;
displaying on the screen a message to alert the end user operator that the candidate manufactured object has been authenticated;
wherein
an overlay to aid the end user operator to manually position the imaging device relative to the manufactured object is displayed on the screen so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures; and
the end user operator manually positions the imaging device relative to the candidate manufactured object in accordance with the overlay.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the overlay shows the contours of a product to be imaged.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the overlay shows a noticeable feature of a product to be imaged.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the overlay is displayed on the screen until rotation, translation, scaling, tilting, and translation are within margins to enable authentication of the candidate manufactured object.
22. The method of claim 18 , further comprising
lighting the candidate manufacture object surface with a flash; and
obtaining an indication of the relative tilting angle between the candidate manufactured object and the imaging device from the location of a spot corresponding to a reflection of the flash on the candidate manufacture object surface.
23. The method of claim 22 , comprising calculating the location of the spot by analyzing the color information of the reflection of the flash on the candidate object surface.
24. The method of claim 22 , comprising analyzing the saturated luminance value in the captured image to localize the specular reflection of the flash on the candidate manufactured object surface.
25. The method of claim 22 , comprising identifying a circular shape in the captured image to localize the specular reflection of the flash on the product surface.
26. The method of claim 22 , comprising
capturing a real-time video of the manufactured object; and
displaying on the screen a graphic over the real-time video in order to indicate to the end user operator where the spot should be.
27. The method of claim 22 , comprising displaying on the screen a message to aid the end user operator to position the imaging device relative to the manufactured object so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures.
28. The method of claim 22 , comprising displaying on the screen an arrow to aid the end user operator to position the imaging device relative to the manufactured object so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures.
29. The method of claim 22 , wherein the device comprises an accelerometer and further comprising
obtaining an accelerometer measurement; and
determining from the accelerator measurement an indication of the relative tilting angle between the candidate manufactured object and the imaging device.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising storing the relative position in space of the imaging device when the end user operator lays the imaging device onto the product surface.
31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising
capturing a snapshot image when the end user operator pulls the imaging device from the product surface; and
determining from the accelerometer measurement if the end user has tilted the imaging device while pulling it back.
32. The method of claim 31 , further comprising applying corrections to the captured image according to the tilting of the imaging device as determined from the accelerometer measurement so that the extracted digital representation of the object surface microstructures in one or more of the captured images can match the reference digital representation of the genuine object surface microstructures.
33. The method of claim 18 , further comprising retrieving the reference digital representation of the genuine manufactured object surface microstructures from a server.