Implementing active clamp flyback converters with improved efficiency
Implementing active clamp flyback (ACF) converters with improved efficiency is described. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an active clamp flyback (ACF) flyback converter. The ACF flyback converter includes a primary side including a high side (HS) switch, a low side (LS) switch and an ACF driver, and a secondary side including a secondary-side controller configured at least to obtain a set of input parameters, the set of input parameters including a set of subsystem parameters associated with a subsystem and a set of system parameters associated with an initial configuration, determine a set of output parameters based on the set of input parameters, and control operation of the ACF flyback converter based on the set of output parameters.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
an active clamp flyback (ACF) flyback converter comprising:
a primary side comprising a high side (HS) switch, a low side (LS) switch and an ACF driver; and
a secondary side comprising a secondary-side controller configured at least to:
obtain a set of input parameters, the set of input parameters comprising a set of subsystem parameters associated with a subsystem and a set of system parameters associated with an initial configuration, wherein the set of system parameters comprises a primary inductance with respect to a flyback transformer, an equivalent capacitance with respect to a primary drain node, and a turns ratio corresponding to the flyback transformer;
determine a set of output parameters based on the set of input parameters, wherein the set of output parameters comprises a pulse width for achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS) determined based on the primary inductance, the equivalent capacitance, and the turns ratio; and
control operation of the ACF flyback converter based on the set of output parameters.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
to control the operation of the ACF flyback converter, the secondary-side controller is configured to control a turn-on time of the HS switch based on the pulse width for achieving ZVS.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of output parameters comprises a duration for which a primary drain stays at zero volts.
4 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein, to control the operation of the ACF flyback converter, the secondary-side controller is configured to control the duration for which the primary drain stays at zero volts.
5 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein, to control the operation of the ACF flyback converter, the secondary-side controller is configured to determine a deadtime for the HS switch based on the duration for which the primary drain stays at zero volts.
6 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:
the duration for which the primary drain stays at zero volts is determined based on the primary inductance, the equivalent capacitance, and the turns ratio.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the set of subsystem parameters indicates a power loss due to switching of the HS switch;
the set of output parameters comprises a power gain; and
to control the operation of the ACF flyback converter, the secondary-side controller is configured to:
determine whether the power loss due to the switching of the HS switch exceeds the power gain; and
in response to determining that the power loss due to the switching of the HS switch exceeds the power gain, toggle the HS switch once in multiple cycles.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the power loss due to the switching of the HS switch is determined based on a power loss flyback transformer loss and ACF flyback driver loss.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises a Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery (USB-PD) power adapter.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a rectifier, coupled to an alternating current (AC) source, to generate a direct current (DC) output based on an AC input received from the AC source.
11 . A method comprising:
obtaining, by a secondary-side controller of a secondary-side of an active clamp flyback (ACF) flyback converter, a set of input parameters, the set of input parameters comprising a set of subsystem parameters associated with a subsystem of a flyback converter and a set of system parameters associated with an initial configuration of the flyback converter, wherein the ACF flyback converter further comprises a primary side comprising a high side (HS) switch and a low side (LS) switch, and wherein the set of system parameters comprises a primary inductance with respect to a flyback transformer, an equivalent capacitance with respect to a primary drain node, and a turns ratio corresponding to the flyback transformer;
determining, by the secondary-side controller, a set of output parameters based on the set of input parameters, wherein the set of output parameters comprises a pulse width for achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS) determined based on the primary inductance, the equivalent capacitance, and the turns ratio; and
controlling, by the secondary-side controller, operation of the ACF flyback converter based on the set of output parameters.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
controlling the operation of the ACF flyback converter comprising controlling a turn-on time of the HS switch based on the pulse width for achieving ZVS.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the set of output parameters comprises a duration for which a primary drain stays at zero volts; and
controlling the operation of the flyback converter comprising at least one of:
controlling the duration for which the primary drain stays at zero volts, or determining a deadtime for the HS switch based on the duration for which the primary drain stays at zero volts.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the duration for which the primary drain stays at zero volts is determined based on the primary inductance, the equivalent capacitance, and the turns ratio.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the set of subsystem parameters indicates a power loss due to switching of the HS switch;
the set of output parameters comprises a power gain; and
controlling the operation of the ACF flyback converter comprising:
determining whether the power loss due to the switching of the HS switch exceeds the power gain; and
in response to determining that the power loss due to the switching of the HS switch exceeds the power gain, toggling the HS switch once in multiple cycles.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the power loss due to the switching of the HS switch is determined based on a power loss flyback transformer loss and ACF flyback driver loss.
17 . A power adapter comprising:
a rectifier, coupled to an alternating current (AC) source, configured to generate a direct current (DC) output based on an AC input received from the AC source; and
an active clamp flyback (ACF) flyback converter comprising:
a primary side comprising a high side (HS) switch, a low side (LS) switch and an ACF driver;
a secondary side comprising a secondary-side controller configured at least to:
obtain a set of input parameters, the set of input parameters comprising a set of subsystem parameters associated with a subsystem and a set of system parameters associated with an initial configuration, wherein the set of system parameters comprises a primary inductance with respect to a flyback transformer, an equivalent capacitance with respect to a primary drain node, and a turns ratio corresponding to the flyback transformer;
determine a set of output parameters based on the set of input parameters, wherein the set of output parameters comprises a pulse width for achieving zero-voltage switching (ZVS) determined based on the primary inductance, the equivalent capacitance, and the turns ratio; and
control operation of the ACF flyback converter based on the set of output parameters; and
a flyback transformer and a signal transformer each coupled to the primary side and the secondary side.
18 . The power adapter of claim 17 , wherein the power adapter is a Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery (USB-PD) power adapter.