Solid-state battery and method of making the same
The present disclosure pertains to a battery and a method of making the same. The battery includes first and second metal substrates, a first solid-state and/or thin-film battery cell on the first metal substrate, a second solid-state and/or thin-film battery cell on the second metal substrate, and a hermetic seal in a peripheral region of the first and second metal substrates. The first and second battery cells are between the first and second metal substrates, and face each other. The method includes respectively forming first and second solid-state and/or thin-film battery cells on first and second metal substrates, placing the second battery cell on the first battery cell so that the first and second battery cells are between the first and second metal substrates, and hermetically sealing the first and second battery cells in a peripheral region of the first and second metal substrates.
1 . A battery, comprising:
a) a first metal foil;
b) a second metal foil;
c) a first solid-state battery cell on the first metal foil;
d) a second solid-state and/or thin-film battery cell on the second metal foil, wherein the first and second battery cells are between the first and second metal foils and face each other; and
e) a hermetic seal in a peripheral region of the first and second metal foils,
wherein each of the first and second metal foils comprises steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, inconel, brass, molybdenum, titanium, or an alloy of copper, aluminum, nickel, molybdenum or titanium with up to 10% of one or more other elements.
2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second battery cells comprise:
a) a cathode current collector, on the respective metal foil;
b) a cathode, on or over the cathode current collector;
c) a solid-phase electrolyte, on or over the respective cathode; and
d) an anode current collector, on or over the respective electrolyte, wherein each anode current collector has a major surface facing the major surface of the other anode current collector.
3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second metal foils comprises stainless steel.
4 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second metal foils has a thickness of 10-100 μm.
5 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second metal foils further comprises a first barrier covering an inner major surface of the respective metal foil.
6 . The battery of claim 5 , wherein the hermetic seal comprises an ultrasonic weld, an anodic seal or a laser weld, and the first barrier on the first metal foil contacts the first barrier on the second metal foil in the hermetic seal.
7 . The battery of claim 5 , wherein each of the first and second metal foils further comprises a second barrier covering an outer major surface of the respective metal foil.
8 . The battery of claim 7 , wherein each of the first and second barriers comprises a metal nitride.
9 . The battery of claim 5 , wherein the first barrier comprises a metal nitride.
10 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the hermetic seal comprises an ultrasonic weld, an epoxy layer, an anodic seal, or a laser weld.
11 . The battery of claim 10 , wherein the hermetic seal is within 10 mm of all edges of the first and second metal foils.
12 . The battery of claim 10 , wherein the hermetic seal comprises a cured epoxy adhesive in the peripheral region, between the first and second metal foils.
13 . The battery of claim 2 , wherein each of the cathode current collectors is in ohmic contact with a corresponding first terminal tab, and each of the anode current collectors is in ohmic contact with a corresponding second terminal tab.
14 . The battery of claim 2 , wherein the hermetic seal comprises an ultrasonic weld, and the cathode current collector on the first metal foil contacts the cathode current collector on the second metal foil in the hermetic seal.
15 . The battery of claim 2 , wherein the hermetic seal comprises an anodic seal, and the cathode current collector on the first metal foil contacts the cathode current collector on the second metal foil in the hermetic seal.
16 . The battery of claim 2 , wherein the hermetic seal comprises a laser weld, and the cathode current collector on the first metal foil contacts the cathode current collector on the second metal foil in the hermetic seal.
17 . The battery of claim 2 , wherein each cathode current collector and each anode current collector comprise one or more terminal connection regions at an end or side thereof.
18 . The battery of claim 17 , further comprising a metal strip in contact with at least one of the anode current collectors.
19 . The battery of claim 18 , further comprising a terminal tab in contact with at least one of the cathode current collectors.
20 . The battery of claim 1 , further comprising an interstitial ring or spacer between the first and second battery cells.