Apparatus comprising dielectric layer coupled to anisotropic layer
An apparatus includes an outer adhesive layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive, at least one layer of anisotropic material, a layer of dielectric material, and a skin contact layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive. The at least one layer of anisotropic material and the layer of dielectric material are positioned between the outer adhesive layer and the skin contact layer. The layer of dielectric material contacts at least a first layer of the at least one layer of anisotropic material to form a capacitive structure.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
an outer adhesive layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive;
at least one layer of anisotropic material, wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material has a front face and a rear face, and the at least one layer of anisotropic material has one or both of (i) a first thermal conductivity in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and thermal conductivity in directions that are parallel to the front face more than two times higher than the first thermal conductivity, and (ii) a first resistance in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and resistance in directions that are parallel to the front face less than half of the first resistance;
a layer of dielectric material; and
a skin contact layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive;
wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material and the layer of dielectric material are positioned between the outer adhesive layer and the skin contact layer, and
wherein the layer of dielectric material contacts at least a first layer of the at least one layer of anisotropic material to form a capacitive structure.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a circuit board or flex circuit, wherein the circuit board or flex circuit is electrically coupled to the outer adhesive layer.
3 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the circuit board or flex circuit is electrically coupled to the outer adhesive layer through at least one metal pad that is in electrical contact with the circuit board or flex circuit.
4 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the layer of dielectric material and the first layer of anisotropic material have surface areas that are each greater than a total surface area of the at least one metal pad.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first layer of anisotropic material comprises graphite.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first layer of anisotropic material comprises a sheet of pyrolytic graphite or a graphitized polymer film, or graphite foil made from compressed high purity exfoliated mineral graphite.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the layer of dielectric material has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface, wherein the first layer of anisotropic material has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface, and wherein the outwardly facing surface of the dielectric material contacts the skin-facing surface of the first layer of anisotropic material.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the outwardly facing surface of the first layer of anisotropic material contacts the outer adhesive layer.
9 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the skin-facing surface of the layer of dielectric material contacts the skin contact layer.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the layer of dielectric material has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface, wherein the first layer of anisotropic material has a skin-facing surface and an opposing outwardly facing surface, and wherein the skin-facing surface of the layer of dielectric material contacts the outwardly facing surface of the first layer of anisotropic material.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the outwardly facing surface of the layer of dielectric material contacts the outer adhesive layer.
12 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the skin-facing surface of the first layer of anisotropic material contacts the skin contact layer.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material further comprises a second layer of anisotropic material, and wherein the layer of dielectric material is positioned between the first and second layers of anisotropic material.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the layer of dielectric material comprises a dielectric polymer or a metal oxide.
15 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material has a first thermal conductivity in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and thermal conductivity in directions that are parallel to the front face more than two times higher than the first thermal conductivity.
16 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material has a first resistance in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and resistance in directions that are parallel to the front face less than half of the first resistance.
17 . An apparatus comprising:
at least one layer of anisotropic material, wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material has a front face and a rear face, and the at least one layer of anisotropic material has one or both of (i) a first thermal conductivity in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and thermal conductivity in directions that are parallel to the front face more than two times higher than the first thermal conductivity, and (ii) a first resistance in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and resistance in directions that are parallel to the front face less than half of the first resistance;
a layer of dielectric material, wherein the layer of dielectric material contacts at least a first layer of the at least one layer of anisotropic material to form a capacitive structure; and
opposed layers of conductive material, wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material and the layer of dielectric material are positioned between the opposed layers of conductive material.
18 . The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the conductive material of at least one layer of the opposed layers of conductive material is a conductive gel or a conductive adhesive.
19 . The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the conductive material of at least one layer of the opposed layers of conductive material is a conductive grease.
20 . A method comprising:
generating an electric field using an apparatus comprising:
an outer adhesive layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive;
at least one layer of anisotropic material, wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material has a front face and a rear face, and the at least one layer of anisotropic material has one or both of (i) a first thermal conductivity in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and thermal conductivity in directions that are parallel to the front face more than two times higher than the first thermal conductivity, and (ii) a first resistance in a direction that is perpendicular to the front face and resistance in directions that are parallel to the front face less than half of the first resistance;
a layer of dielectric material; and
a skin contact layer comprising a conductive gel or conductive adhesive;
wherein the at least one layer of anisotropic material and the layer of dielectric material are positioned between the outer adhesive layer and the skin contact layer, and
wherein the layer of dielectric material contacts at least a first layer of the at least one layer of anisotropic material to form a capacitive structure.