Common mode rejection structures for mems devices
A MEMS device and method of forming the same includes paired masses suspended above a substrate includes linkages that couple pairs of masses to each other. Inner sense linkages couple interior edges of adjacent masses to each other. The inner sense linkages are configured to exhibit a first stiffness when the adjacent masses coupled to each inner sense linkage move out-of-phase relative to each other along a preferred axis of the inner sense linkages and to exhibit a second, increased stiffness in response to in-phase motion of the adjacent masses coupled to each inner sense linkage.
1 . A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device comprising:
a substrate;
first, second, third, and fourth masses suspended above the substrate, wherein:
the first mass is directly adjacent to the second mass and the third mass;
the second mass is directly adjacent to the first mass and the fourth mass; and
the third mass is directly adjacent to the first mass and the fourth mass;
a first inner sense linkage that is disposed between the first mass and the third mass and coupled to the first mass and the third mass; and
a second inner sense linkage that is disposed between the second mass and the fourth mass and coupled to the second mass and the fourth mass;
wherein each inner sense linkage comprises:
an upper portion;
a lower portion;
a central torsion flexure having a first end coupled to the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and second end coupled to the lower portion of the inner sense linkage; and
a first torsion spring coupled between the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage; and having a middle portion coupled to the central torsion flexure at a location between the first end of the central torsion flexure and the second end of the central torsion flexure; and
wherein, when the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage move in phase with each other along an axis parallel to the central torsion flexure and the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage are displaced by a predetermined distance, the first torsion spring is configured to exhibit an increase in stiffness.
2 . The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein, when the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage move in phase with each other along the axis parallel to the central torsion flexure and the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage are displaced by a predetermined distance, the first torsion spring is configured to strike one or both of the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage.
3 . The MEMS device of claim 1 , wherein each inner sense linkage further comprises:
a second torsion spring coupled between the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage and opposite the first torsion spring; and having a middle portion coupled to the central torsion flexure at a location between the first end of the central torsion flexure and the second end of the central torsion flexure;
wherein, when the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage move in phase with each other along an axis parallel to the central torsion flexure and the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage are displaced by a predetermined distance, the second torsion spring is configured to strike one or both of the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage.
4 . The MEMS device of claim 3 wherein each inner sense linkage further comprises:
a first lateral flexure oriented perpendicular to the central torsion flexure that couples the first end of the central torsion flexure to a mass corresponding to the upper portion of that inner sense linkage; and
a second lateral torsion flexure oriented perpendicular to the central torsion flexure that couples the second end of the central torsion flexure to a mass corresponding to the lower portion of that inner sense linkage;
wherein each lateral flexure has first and second arms that include respective folded springs;
wherein a middle portion of each folded spring of the first lateral flexure is coupled to the first end of the central torsion flexure and outer portions of each folded spring of the first lateral flexure are coupled to the mass corresponding to the upper portion of that inner sense linkage; and
wherein a middle portion of each folded spring of the second lateral flexure is coupled to the second end of the central torsion flexure and outer portions of each folded spring of the second lateral flexure are coupled to the mass corresponding to the lower portion of that inner sense linkage.
5 . The MEMS device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first outer sense linkage that is coupled to second outer edges of the first mass and the second mass; and
a second outer sense linkage that is opposite the first outer sense linkage and coupled to second outer edges of the third mass and the fourth mass;
wherein each outer sense linkage comprises:
a central portion anchored to the substrate via an anchor that is surrounded by the central portion;
a first outer portion having a distal portion anchored to the substrate and a proximal end coupled to the central portion via a first spring element; and
a second outer portion having a distal portion anchored to the substrate and a proximal end coupled to the central portion via a second spring element.
6 . The MEMS device of claim 5 ,
wherein the first outer portion of the first outer sense linkage is coupled to the first mass via the first spring element of the first outer sense linkage and the second outer portion of the first outer sense linkage is coupled to the second mass via the second spring element of the first outer sense linkage;
wherein the first outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a first stiffness value in response to out-of-phase motion of the first mass with respect to the second mass; and
wherein the first outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a second stiffness value that is greater than the first stiffness value in response to in-phase motion of the first mass with respect to the second mass.
7 . The MEMS device of claim 6 ,
wherein the first outer portion of the second outer sense linkage is coupled to the third mass via the first spring element of the second outer sense linkage and the second outer portion of the second outer sense linkage is coupled to the fourth mass via the second spring element of the second outer sense linkage;
wherein the second outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a third stiffness value in response to out-of-phase motion of the third mass with respect to the fourth mass; and
wherein the second outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a fourth stiffness value that is greater than the third stiffness value in response to in-phase motion of the third mass with respect to the fourth mass.
8 . The MEMS device of claim 7 ,
wherein the first second stiffness value is at least 4 times greater than the first stiffness value.
9 . The MEMS device of claim 8 ,
wherein the fourth stiffness value is at least 4 times greater than the third stiffness value.
10 . A method comprising:
forming first, second, third, and fourth masses suspended above a substrate, wherein:
the first mass is directly adjacent to the second mass and the third mass;
the second mass is directly adjacent to the first mass and the fourth mass; and
the third mass is directly adjacent to the first mass and the fourth mass;
forming a first inner sense linkage that is disposed between the first mass and the third mass and coupled to the first mass and the third mass; and
forming a second inner sense linkage that is disposed between the second mass and the fourth mass and coupled to the second mass and the fourth mass;
wherein each inner sense linkage comprises:
an upper portion;
a lower portion;
a central torsion flexure having a first end coupled to the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and second end coupled to the lower portion of the inner sense linkage; and
a first torsion spring coupled between the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage; and having a middle portion coupled to the central torsion flexure at a location between the first end of the central torsion flexure and the second end of the central torsion flexure; and
wherein, when the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage move in phase with each other along an axis parallel to the central torsion flexure and the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage are displaced by a predetermined distance, the first torsion spring is configured to exhibit an increase in stiffness.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein, when the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage move in phase with each other along the axis parallel to the central torsion flexure and the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage are displaced by a predetermined distance, the first torsion spring is configured to strike one or both of the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein each inner sense linkage further comprises:
a second torsion spring coupled between the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage and opposite the first torsion spring; and having a middle portion coupled to the central torsion flexure at a location between the first end of the central torsion flexure and the second end of the central torsion flexure;
wherein, when the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage move in phase with each other along an axis parallel to the central torsion flexure and the upper and lower portions of the inner sense linkage are displaced by a predetermined distance, the second torsion spring is configured to strike one or both of the upper portion of the inner sense linkage and the lower portion of the inner sense linkage.
13 . The method of claim 12 wherein each inner sense linkage further comprises:
a first lateral flexure oriented perpendicular to the central torsion flexure that couples the first end of the central torsion flexure to a mass corresponding to the upper portion of that inner sense linkage; and
a second lateral torsion flexure oriented perpendicular to the central torsion flexure that couples the second end of the central torsion flexure to a mass corresponding to the lower portion of that inner sense linkage;
wherein each lateral flexure has first and second arms that include respective folded springs;
wherein a middle portion of each folded spring of the first lateral flexure is coupled to the first end of the central torsion flexure and outer portions of each folded spring of the first lateral flexure are coupled to the mass corresponding to the upper portion of that inner sense linkage; and
wherein a middle portion of each folded spring of the second lateral flexure is coupled to the second end of the central torsion flexure and outer portions of each folded spring of the second lateral flexure are coupled to the mass corresponding to the lower portion of that inner sense linkage.
14 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
forming a first outer sense linkage that is coupled to second outer edges of the first mass and the second mass; and
forming a second outer sense linkage that is opposite the first outer sense linkage and coupled to second outer edges of the third mass and the fourth mass;
wherein each outer sense linkage comprises:
a central portion anchored to the substrate via an anchor that is surrounded by the central portion;
a first outer portion having a distal portion anchored to the substrate and a proximal end coupled to the central portion via a first spring element; and
a second outer portion having a distal portion anchored to the substrate and a proximal end coupled to the central portion via a second spring element.
15 . The method of claim 14 ,
wherein the first outer portion of the first outer sense linkage is coupled to the first mass via the first spring element of the first outer sense linkage and the second outer portion of the first outer sense linkage is coupled to the second mass via the second spring element of the first outer sense linkage;
wherein the first outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a first stiffness value in response to out-of-phase motion of the first mass with respect to the second mass; and
wherein the first outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a second stiffness value that is greater than the first stiffness value in response to in-phase motion of the first mass with respect to the second mass.
16 . The method of claim 15 ,
wherein the first outer portion of the second outer sense linkage is coupled to the third mass via the first spring element of the second outer sense linkage and the second outer portion of the second outer sense linkage is coupled to the fourth mass via the second spring element of the second outer sense linkage;
wherein the second outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a third stiffness value in response to out-of-phase motion of the third mass with respect to the fourth mass; and
wherein the second outer sense linkage is configured to exhibit a fourth stiffness value that is greater than the third stiffness value in response to in-phase motion of the third mass with respect to the fourth mass.
17 . The method of claim 16 ,
wherein the first second stiffness value is at least 4 times greater than the first stiffness value.
18 . The method of claim 17 ,
wherein the fourth stiffness value is at least 4 times greater than the third stiffness value.