Apparatus and methods to modulate bladder function

1. A method to modulate bladder function of a patient, comprising:

introducing an energy delivery device through a urethra of the patient and into contact with a posterior bladder wall of a bladder of the patient; and

delivering energy from the energy delivery device into non-superficial target tissue located between the posterior bladder wall and an anterior wall of the wall of the vagina, thereby interrupting afferent receptors in the non-superficial target tissue, while maintaining cellular viability of a mucosal surface of the posterior bladder wall.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-superficial target tissue is located within a trigone region of the posterior bladder wall.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-superficial target tissue includes one or more layers of the posterior bladder wall, excluding the anterior wall of the vagina.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-superficial target tissue includes a perivesical fat layer.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the afferent receptors comprise C-fibers.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the delivering energy from the energy delivery device comprises delivering at least one of microwave energy, laser energy, cryo energy, ultrasound energy, and electrocautery energy.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein interrupting afferent receptors in the non-superficial target tissue modulates nerve traffic to or from at least a portion of the bladder.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein interrupting afferent receptors in the non-superficial target tissue modulates at least one of a sense of urinary urge, a sense of urinary urgency, a sense of urinary pressure, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, nocturia, bladder capacity, and pelvic pain.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying suction to the mucosal surface via a surface of the energy delivery device, so that the mucosal surface conforms to the surface of the energy delivery device while the energy is delivered into the non-superficial target tissue via at least one energy delivery element of the energy delivery device.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating delivering energy into the non-superficial target tissue to create a circular ablation pattern in the non-superficial target tissue around ureteral ostia of the bladder, and an arc-like ablation pattern in the non-superficial target tissue located about a urethral ostium of the bladder.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating delivering energy into the non-superficial target tissue to create a linear ablation pattern in the non-superficial target tissue that circumscribes a trigone region of the bladder.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating delivering energy into the non-superficial target tissue to create an ablation pattern that substantially encompasses a trigone region of the bladder.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising deploying at least one energy delivery element from the energy delivery device through the mucosal surface and into the non-superficial target tissue, wherein the energy is delivered into the non-superficial target tissue via the at least one energy delivery element.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one energy delivery element comprises a plurality of energy delivery elements.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one energy delivery element is deployed a predetermined depth from the energy delivery device through the mucosal surface and into the non-superficial target tissue.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one energy delivery element is deployed from the energy delivery device in a direction substantially parallel to the mucosal surface.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one energy delivery element is deployed from the energy delivery device in a direction substantially perpendicular to the mucosal surface.

18. A method to modulate bladder function of a patient, comprising:

introducing an energy delivery device into a space between a posterior bladder wall and an anterior vaginal wall of the patient; and

delivering energy from the energy delivery device into non-superficial target tissue located between the posterior bladder wall and the anterior vaginal wall, thereby interrupting afferent receptors in the non-superficial target tissue, while maintaining cellular viability of a mucosal surface of the posterior bladder wall and of the anterior vaginal wall.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the non-superficial target tissue is located within a trigone region of the posterior bladder wall.

20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising deploying at least one energy delivery element from the energy delivery device into the non-superficial target tissue, wherein the energy is delivered into the non-superficial target tissue via the at least one energy delivery element.