Testing of substrate monoliths
A method of testing a substrate monolith ( 1 ), the substrate monolith ( 1 ) comprising: i) a plurality of channels extending longitudinally along a Z-axis of the substrate monolith ( 1 ); and ii) an array of walls extending along the Z-axis and forming partitions between adjacent channels; wherein the array of walls comprises first walls ( 10 ) orientated parallel to a first-axis of the substrate monolith ( 1 ) and second walls ( 11 ) orientated parallel to a second-axis of the substrate monolith ( 1 ), the first-axis and the second-axis both being orthogonal to the Z-axis; the method comprising the steps of: a) applying an impulse (J) to the substrate monolith ( 1 ) with an impact tool ( 22 ) to induce mechanical vibrations in the substrate monolith ( 1 ); b) sensing the mechanical vibrations of the substrate monolith ( 1 ); c) determining a fundamental frequency of the sensed mechanical vibrations; and d) comparing the fundamental frequency of the sensed mechanical vibrations to a fundamental frequency obtained from testing of a second substrate monolith; wherein in step a) an impulse vector ( 30 ) of the impulse (J) has a non-zero first-axis component ( 31 ) and a non-zero second-axis component ( 32 ).
1 . A method of testing a substrate monolith, the substrate monolith comprising:
i) a plurality of channels extending longitudinally along a Z-axis of the substrate monolith; and
ii) an array of walls extending along the Z-axis and forming partitions between adjacent channels;
wherein the array of walls comprises first walls orientated parallel to a first-axis of the substrate monolith and second walls orientated parallel to a second-axis of the substrate monolith, the first-axis and the second-axis both being orthogonal to the Z-axis;
the method comprising the steps of:
a) applying an impulse to the substrate monolith with an impact tool to induce mechanical vibrations in the substrate monolith;
b) sensing the mechanical vibrations of the substrate monolith;
c) determining a fundamental frequency of the sensed mechanical vibrations; and
d) comparing the fundamental frequency of the sensed mechanical vibrations to a fundamental frequency obtained from testing of a second substrate monolith;
wherein in step a) an impulse vector of the impulse has a non-zero first-axis component and a non-zero second-axis component; and
wherein in step a) the impulse vector has substantially equal first-axis and second-axis components.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in step a) the impulse is applied by striking the substrate monolith in a diagonal direction with respect to the first-axis and the second-axis.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first-axis and the second-axis are orthogonal to one another, being an X-axis and a Y-axis respectively of the substrate monolith.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein in step a) the impulse is applied by striking the substrate monolith in a direction at 45° to the X-axis and the Y-axis.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels comprise quadrilateral-shaped channels, optionally square-shaped channels.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate monolith is supported on a support system to isolate the substrate monolith from extraneous vibrations.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in step b) sensing the mechanical vibrations of the substrate monolith comprises using a transducer to sense the mechanical vibrations in a time domain.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in step c) determining the fundamental frequency comprises converting the sensed mechanical vibrations into a frequency domain to produce a frequency spectrum of the sensed mechanical vibrations.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein in step c) determining the fundamental frequency comprises applying a Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis to the frequency spectrum.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the second substrate monolith is a reference substrate monolith and the method further comprises the step of making a judgement regarding a crack status of the substrate monolith based on the comparison of the fundamental frequencies obtained for the substrate monolith and the reference substrate monolith.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate monolith and the second substrate monolith are from respective first and second batches of substrate monoliths and the method further comprises the step of making a judgement regarding a variance between the batches of substrate monoliths based on the comparison of the fundamental frequencies obtained for the substrate monolith and the second substrate monolith.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed on a production line configured to process a plurality of substrate monoliths.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate monolith comprises a flow-through substrate monolith or a filter substrate monolith.
14 . A test apparatus for performing the method of any preceding claim , comprising:
a support system for isolating the substrate monolith from extraneous vibrations;
an impact tool;
a transducer for sensing mechanical vibrations of the substrate monolith; and
an analyser for determining the fundamental frequency of the sensed mechanical vibrations;
wherein the impact tool comprises an automated hammer configured to apply the impulse to the substrate monolith with an impulse vector having substantially equal non-zero first-axis and second-axis components.
15 . The test apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the support system and the impact tool are both coupled to an alignment frame configured to ensure that the impulse vector of the impulse applied by the impact tool to the substrate monolith supported by the support system has the non-zero first-axis component and the non-zero second-axis component.