METHODS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCT YIELD AND PRODUCTION IN A MICROORGANISM THROUGH GLYCEROL RECYCLING
The present invention provides for novel metabolic pathways to reduce or modulate glycerol production and increase product formation. More specifically, the invention provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more native and/or heterologous proteins that function to import glycerol and one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source, such as lignocellulose, to a product, such as ethanol, wherein the one or more native and/or heterologous proteins or enzymes is activated, upregulated, or downregulated. The invention also provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more native or heterologous proteins that function to regulate glycerol synthesis and one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source to ethanol, wherein said one or more native and/or heterologous proteins or enzymes is activated, upregulated or downregulated. Also provided are methods for increasing cellular glycerol uptake and increasing recombinant production of fuels and other chemicals using the recombinant microorganisms of the invention.
1 . A recombinant yeast comprising:
(a) one or more native and/or heterologous proteins that function to import glycerol into the recombinant yeast, wherein said one or more native and/or heterologous proteins is activated, upregulated, or overexpressed; and
(b) a deletion or downregulation of one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol; and
(c) one or more native and/or heterologous saccharolytic enzyme, wherein said one or more saccharolytic enzyme is activated, upregulated, or overexpressed.
2 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant yeast produces less glycerol than a control recombinant yeast without activation, upregulation, or overexpression of said one or more native and/or heterologous proteins that function to import glycerol.
3 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said one or more native and/or heterologous proteins that function to import glycerol is STL1.
4 . The recombinant yeast of claim 3 , wherein said STL1 is derived from Pichia sorbitophila, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans or Saccharomyces paradoxus.
5 .- 10 . (canceled)
11 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol is encoded by a gpd1 polynucleotide, a gpd2 polynucleotide, or both a gpd1 polynucleotide and a gpd2 polynucleotide.
12 . The recombinant yeast of claim 11 , further comprising a native and/or heterologous gpd1 polynucleotide operably linked to a native gpd2 promoter polynucleotide.
13 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol is encoded by a gpp1 polynucleotide, a gpp2 polynucleotide, or both a gpp1 polynucleotide and a gpp2 polynucleotide.
14 . The recombinant yeast of claim 111 , wherein said one or more engineered metabolic pathways comprises conversion of acetyl-CoA to an alcohol.
15 . The recombinant yeast of claim 14 , wherein said acetyl-CoA is converted to acetaldehyde by an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and wherein said acetaldehyde is converted to an alcohol by an alcohol dehydrogenase.
16 . The recombinant yeast of claim 14 , wherein said acetyl-CoA is converted to an alcohol by a bifunctional acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase.
17 .- 21 . (canceled)
22 . The recombinant yeast of claim 111 , wherein said one or more engineered metabolic pathways comprises conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and formate.
23 . The recombinant yeast of claim 22 , wherein said pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA and formate by a pyruvate formate lyase (PFL).
24 .- 37 . (canceled)
38 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said saccharolytic enzyme is selected from the group consisting of amylases, cellulases, hemicellulases, cellulolytic and amylolytic accessory enzymes, inulinases, levanases, and pentose sugar utilizing enzymes.
39 . The recombinant yeast of claim 38 , wherein said amylase is an alpha-amylase.
40 . (canceled)
41 . The recombinant yeast of claim 38 , wherein said amylase is a glucoamylase.
42 . The recombinant yeast of claim 41 , wherein said glucoamylase is S. fibuligera glucoamylase (glu-0111-CO).
43 .- 48 . (canceled)
49 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said yeast produces ethanol.
50 .- 80 . (canceled)
81 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant yeast is selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, Hansenula polymorpha, Phaffia rhodozyma, Candida utliis, Arxula adeninivorans, Pichia stipitis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Debaryomyces polymorphus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans , and Schwanniomyces occidentalis.
82 . The recombinant yeast of claim 81 , wherein said recombinant yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
83 . (canceled)
84 . A process for converting biomass to ethanol comprising contacting biomass with a recombinant yeast according to claim.
85 .- 87 . (canceled)
88 . The process of claim 84 , wherein said biomass is corn mash or corn starch.
89 .- 110 . (canceled)
111 . The recombinant yeast of claim 1 further comprising one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more engineered metabolic pathways to convert a carbohydrate source to an alcohol, wherein said one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated, overexpressed, or downregulated.
112 . The recombinant yeast of claim 4 , wherein said STL1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, 140, 142, or 225.