Power distribution unit for autonomous vehicles
Devices, systems, and methods for power distribution in autonomous vehicles are described. An example method of power distribution includes receiving, by a controller disposed in a vehicle, an indication of a fault associated with a load unit of a plurality of load units, wherein the load unit is communicatively coupled to an associated solid-state semiconductor switch, disconnecting, in response to the receiving the indication of the fault, the associated solid-state semiconductor switch, and transmitting, using a controller area network bus in the vehicle communicatively coupled the controller, a digital data message indicative of disconnecting the associated solid-state semiconductor switch to a vehicle control unit.
1 . A system for power distribution, comprising:
a controller communicatively coupled to a plurality of sensors and a controller area network (CAN) bus of a vehicle;
a plurality of load units coupled to the CAN bus;
a power source; and
a plurality of solid-state semiconductor switches,
wherein each of the plurality of solid-state semiconductor switches is communicatively coupled to the power source, the controller, and an associated load unit of the plurality of load units,
wherein the controller is configured to, in response to a status of the associated load unit, turn a corresponding solid-state semiconductor switch on or off,
wherein the plurality of sensors is configured to monitor the status of the associated load unit,
wherein the plurality of sensors comprising at least one of a current sensor, a voltage sensor, or a temperature sensor,
wherein the controller is configured to communicate with a power bridge via the CAN bus, and
wherein the controller is configured to control an associated circuit breaker for each of the plurality of load units based on commands received from the power bridge.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of solid-state semiconductor switches comprises a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to control, based on the plurality of sensors, an associated circuit breaker for each of the plurality of load units.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured, as part of controlling the associated circuit breaker for a corresponding load unit, to:
disconnect the associated circuit breaker in response to at least one of a current, a voltage, or a temperature associated with the corresponding load unit exceeding a programmable threshold; and
transmit, via the CAN bus, a message indicative of disconnecting the associated circuit breaker to a vehicle control unit (VCU).
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the power source is a 12V power source.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to switch to a 24V power source from the 12V power source.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller supports an input voltage range that spans from 9V to 36V.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to limit a current through each of the plurality of load units.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein a maximum limit for the current is between 250 Amperes and 300 Amperes.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to perform power conditioning operations that include smoothing a sinusoidal alternating current waveform, maintaining a constant voltage in response to varying loads, and damping effects of transient current spikes and voltage spikes.
11 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression circuitry coupled to the controller and the plurality of solid-state semiconductor switches.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is a microcontroller.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is an autonomous vehicle operating in a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Level 4 (L4) automation mode.
15 . A method of power distribution, comprising:
receiving, by a controller disposed in a vehicle, an indication of a fault associated with a load unit of a plurality of load units, wherein the load unit is communicatively coupled to an associated solid-state semiconductor switch;
disconnecting, in response to the receiving the indication of the fault, the associated solid-state semiconductor switch; and
transmitting, using a controller area network (CAN) bus in the vehicle communicatively coupled the controller, a digital data message indicative of disconnecting the associated solid-state semiconductor switch to a vehicle control unit (VCU).
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the indication of the fault is received from a plurality of sensors associated with the load unit, and wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one of a current sensor, a voltage sensor, or a temperature sensor.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the indication of the fault is received from a power bridge that is communicatively coupled to the controller via the CAN bus.
18 . A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable instructions for an autonomous driving vehicle that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform at least the following:
receive, by a controller disposed in the autonomous driving vehicle, an indication of a fault associated with a load unit of a plurality of load units, wherein the load unit is communicatively coupled to an associated solid-state semiconductor switch;
disconnect, in response to the receiving the indication of the fault, the associated solid-state semiconductor switch; and
transmit, using a controller area network (CAN) bus in the autonomous driving vehicle communicatively coupled the controller, a digital data message indicative of disconnecting the associated solid-state semiconductor switch to a vehicle control unit (VCU).