Apparatus and methods for generating non-gaussian states from gaussian states
An apparatus includes an optical circuit having at least one reconfigurable beamsplitter and is configured to receive a plurality of input optical modes in a Gaussian state and generate a plurality of output optical modes. The apparatus also includes at least one detector optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to perform a non-Gaussian measurement of a first output optical mode from the plurality of output optical modes. The non-Gaussian measurement of the first output optical mode is configured to cause a second output optical mode from the plurality of output optical modes to be in a first non-Gaussian state. The apparatus also includes a controller operatively coupled to the optical circuit and configured to change a setting of the at least one reconfigurable beamsplitter to cause the second output optical mode from the plurality of output optical modes to be in a second non-Gaussian state.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
an optical circuit including at least one reconfigurable beamsplitter, the optical circuit configured to receive a plurality of input optical modes, each input optical mode from the plurality of input optical modes being in a Gaussian state from a plurality of Gaussian states, and generate a plurality of output optical modes;
at least one detector optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to perform a non-Gaussian measurement of a first output optical mode from the plurality of output optical modes, the non-Gaussian measurement of the first output optical mode configured to cause a second output optical mode from the plurality of output optical modes to be in a first non-Gaussian state; and
a controller operatively coupled to the optical circuit and configured to change a setting of the at least one reconfigurable beamsplitter to cause the second output optical mode from the plurality of output optical modes to be in a second non-Gaussian state different from the first non-Gaussian state.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one detector includes a photon number resolving detector configured to measure a number of photons in the first output optical mode.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the optical circuit includes a network of interconnected reconfigurable beamsplitters that includes the at least one reconfigurable beamsplitter, and
the at least one detector is included within a first plurality of detectors configured to perform the non-Gaussian measurement of a first plurality of output optical modes from the plurality of output optical modes, the non-Gaussian measurement of the first plurality of output optical modes configured to cause a second plurality of output optical modes in the plurality of output optical modes to be in a third non-Gaussian state.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to one of:
change the setting of the optical circuit based on the second non-Gaussian state; or
determine the setting of the optical circuit based on the second non-Gaussian state via machine learning.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first non-Gaussian state includes at least one of a Schrödinger's cat state, a squeezed cat state, a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state, a weak cubic phase state, an M-mode W state, or a NOON state.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical circuit is a first optical circuit, and the apparatus further includes:
a plurality of optical circuits that includes the first optical circuit and that is configured to produce a plurality of non-Gaussian optical modes, the controller configured to select one non-Gaussian optical mode from the plurality of non-Gaussian optical modes as an output of the apparatus based on a preset target output state.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a light source optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to provide the plurality of input optical modes including squeezed and/or displaced light.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a light source optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to provide the plurality of input optical modes including squeezed displaced light, each input optical mode of the plurality of input optical modes being characterized by a squeezing factor and a displacement,
the controller being configured to change one or more of the squeezing factor and the displacement of at least one input optical mode of the plurality of input optical modes.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a light source optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to provide the plurality of input optical modes including squeezed light, each input optical mode of the plurality of input optical modes being characterized by a squeezing factor,
the controller being configured to change the squeezing factor of at least one input optical mode of the plurality of input optical modes.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a light source optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to provide the plurality of input optical modes including displaced light, each input optical mode of the plurality of input optical modes being characterized by a displacement,
the controller being configured to change the displacement of at least one input optical mode of the plurality of input optical modes.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the Gaussian state is a two-mode Gaussian state.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second non-Gaussian state includes at least one of a Schrödinger's cat state, a squeezed cat state, a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state, a weak cubic phase state, an M-mode W state, or a NOON state.
13. An apparatus, comprising:
an optical circuit configured to receive a light beam having a first optical mode in a first Gaussian state and a light beam having a second optical mode in a second Gaussian state, the optical circuit including at least one reconfigurable optical component configured to entangle the first optical mode and the second optical mode, the optical circuit configured to generate a light beam in a first output optical mode and a light beam in a second output optical mode;
at least one detector optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to perform a non-Gaussian measurement of the first output optical mode that causes the second output optical mode to be in a first non-Gaussian state at a first time; and
a controller operatively coupled to the optical circuit and configured to change a setting of the at least one reconfigurable optical component to cause the second output optical mode to be in a second non-Gaussian state at a second time.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the first non-Gaussian state includes at least one of a Schrödinger's cat state, a squeezed cat state, a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state, a weak cubic phase state, an M-mode W state, or a NOON state.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the second non-Gaussian state includes at least one of a Schrödinger's cat state, a squeezed cat state, a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state, a weak cubic phase state, an M-mode W state, or a NOON state.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein each of the first non-Gaussian state and the second non-Gaussian state includes at least one of a Schrödinger's cat state, a squeezed cat state, a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state, a weak cubic phase state, an M-mode W state, or a NOON state.
17. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the at least one detector includes a photon number resolving detector configured to measure a number of photons in the first output optical mode.
18. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising:
a light source optically coupled with the optical circuit and configured to provide the light beam.
19. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the first Gaussian state or the second Gaussian state is a two-mode Gaussian state.
20. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the first optical mode or the second optical mode is characterized by a squeezing factor, and the controller is configured to change the squeezing factor.