Resilient charging station
In order to ensure continued charging of electric vehicles when a charging station is not currently received an input power from an external power source, the systems and methods disclosed herein provide for operation of the charging station in a resilient operating mode in which an operating current is derived from a charge previously stored in a battery of the charging station. The operating current is produced by a resilient power subsystem within the charging station using the stored charge and is provided by the resilient power subsystem to one or more system components within the charging station in order to enable continued operation of the charging station, including enabling continuing vehicle charging during a time interval in which the charging station is not receiving input power from an external power source.
1. A vehicle charging system for charging a vehicle, comprising:
a power input port configured to receive input electric power from a power source at a first voltage (V 1 );
a plurality of batteries configured to receive a direct current (DC) input current derived from the input electric power received at the power input port and store electric power from the DC input current;
a vehicle coupling configured to receive a DC charging current at a second voltage (V 2 ) derived from at least a first battery of the plurality of batteries and to provide an electrical interconnect between the vehicle charging system and the vehicle in order to provide the DC charging current to the vehicle;
a resilient power subsystem configured to provide a DC operating current at a third voltage (V 3 ) derived from electric power stored in at least a second battery of the plurality of batteries to a plurality of system components within the vehicle charging system, wherein the system components are configured to control operation of the vehicle charging system; and
a system controller of the plurality of system components, the system controller comprising one or more processors configured to:
receive the DC operating current during a time interval in which the input electric power is not being received from the power source; and
control the vehicle charging system to provide the DC charging current to the electrical interconnect to charge the vehicle during the time interval.
2. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 , wherein:
the input electric power is an alternating current (AC) input electric power received from an electric power grid; and
the vehicle charging system further comprises a rectifier configured to receive the AC input electric power and provide the DC input current to the plurality of batteries.
3. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first battery stores the electric power at a fourth voltage (V 4 ); and
the second, third, and fourth voltages satisfy the following criteria: V 3 <V 4 <V 2 .
4. The vehicle charging system of claim 3 , wherein the second battery stores the electric power at a fifth voltage (V 5 ).
5. The vehicle charging system of claim 4 , wherein the resilient power subsystem comprises a step-down converter configured to receive a battery current from the second battery at the fifth voltage (V 5 ) and provide the DC operating current at the third voltage (V 3 ) to the plurality of system components.
6. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 , wherein the resilient power subsystem comprises a DC bus configured to provide the DC operating current to the plurality of system components.
7. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of system components further comprise a plurality of temperature control components configured to maintain an internal temperature of the vehicle charging system within an operating range.
8. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 , wherein:
the resilient power subsystem is further configured to provide the DC operating current to the plurality of system components during a second time interval in which the input electric power is being received from the power source; and
the one or more processors of the system controller are further configured to:
receive the DC operating current from the resilient power subsystem during the second time interval; and
control the vehicle charging system to provide the DC charging current to the electrical interconnect to charge the vehicle during the second time interval.
9. The vehicle charging system of claim 1 , further comprising a primary power subsystem configured to provide the DC operating current to the plurality of system components during a second time interval in which the input electric power is being received from the power source, wherein the one or more processors of the system controller are further configured to:
receive the DC operating current from the primary power subsystem during the second time interval;
detect a triggering condition indicating the input electric power is not being received from the power source at the beginning of the time interval; and
cause the resilient power subsystem to begin providing the DC operating current during the time interval in response to detecting the triggering condition.
10. A method for charging a vehicle by a vehicle charging system, comprising:
receiving, at a power input port of the vehicle charging system, an input electric power from a power source at a first voltage (V 1 ) during a first time interval;
charging, by a direct current (DC) input current derived from the input electric power received at the power input port, a plurality of batteries of the vehicle charging system by storing a charge in the plurality of batteries during the first time interval in which the input electric power is being received from the power source;
determining, by a system controller of the vehicle charging system, occurrence of a triggering condition indicating the input electric power is not being received from the power source; and
controlling, by the system controller, the vehicle charging system during a second time interval in which the input electric power is not being received from the power source following the triggering condition to:
provide, via a vehicle coupling, a DC charging current at a second voltage (V 2 ) derived from at least a first battery of the plurality of batteries to the vehicle in order to charge a vehicle battery of the vehicle;
provide, by a resilient power subsystem, a DC operating current at a third voltage (V 3 ) derived from electric power stored in at least a second battery of the plurality of batteries to a plurality of system components within the vehicle charging system, wherein the system components are configured to control operation of the vehicle charging system.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of system components include the system controller.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the input electric power is an alternating current (AC) input electric power received from an electric power grid; and
charging the plurality of batteries further comprises producing, via a rectifier of the vehicle charging system, the DC input current from the AC input electric power and providing the DC input current to the plurality of batteries.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
the first battery stores the electric power at a fourth voltage (V 4 ); and
the second, third, and fourth voltages satisfy the following criteria: V 3 <V 4 <V 2 .
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second battery stores the electric power at a fifth voltage (V 5 ).
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the resilient power subsystem comprises a step-down converter configured to receive a battery current from the second at the fifth voltage (V 5 ) and provide the DC operating current at the third voltage (V 3 ) to the plurality of system components.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the resilient power subsystem provides the DC operating current to the plurality of system components via a DC bus.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of system components comprise a plurality of temperature control components configured to maintain an internal temperature of the vehicle charging system within an operating range.
18. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
providing, by the resilient power subsystem, the DC operating current to the plurality of system components during the first time interval in which the input electric power is being received from the power source.
19. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
controlling, by the system controller, the vehicle charging system during the first time interval in which the input electric power is being received from the power source to:
provide, via the vehicle coupling, the DC charging current at the second voltage (V2) from the plurality of batteries to the vehicle in order to charge the vehicle battery of the vehicle.
20. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
providing, by a primary power subsystem of the vehicle charging system, the DC operating current to the plurality of system components during the first time interval in which the input electric power is being received from the power source, wherein the primary power subsystem derives the DC operating current from the input electric power received from the power source.