Method and apparatus for thermally protecting and/or transporting temperature sensitive products
Method and apparatus for thermally protecting a product, when storing and/or shipping a product, to control temperatures products are exposed to. Embodiments increase the amount of time portions of the product experience a desired temperature range and/or reduce the amount of time portions of the product experience temperatures outside a desired temperature range and/or experience an undesirable temperature range. Embodiments incorporate thermally conductive materials, referred to as conductive equalizers, positioned around and/or near the product positioned inside a packaging container, where the conductive materials conduct heat from locations in the package interior to other locations in the package interior. The conductive equalizers conductively transfer heat from hotter portions of the interior of the container to cooler portions of the interior of the container and/or from portions of the interior desired to be cooled to the cold bank, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution around the product.
1 . An apparatus for thermally protecting a load, comprising:
a container, wherein the container is configured to position the load within an interior of the container;
a thermal bank, wherein the thermal bank is configured to absorb heat from a source above an operating temperature of the thermal bank;
a conductive equalizer, wherein the load is positioned within the container, wherein at least a portion of the conductive equalizer has a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/mK;
wherein the conductive equalizer is configured to be in direct thermal contact with the thermal bank, such that the thermal bank absorbs heat from the conductive equalizer or provides heat to the conductive equalizer, wherein, when the conductive equalizer is positioned proximate the load, a period of time the load is maintained in a desired temperature range is extended,
wherein the conductive equalizer comprises a sheet of material having a thermal conductivity, TC, wherein the sheet of material has a length, L, from a proximal end of the sheet directly thermally conductively connected to the conductive equalizer to a distal end of the sheet, a thickness T, and a width w, wherein the sheet has an effective thermal conductance from the distal end to the proximal end equal to TC×w×T/L, and
wherein the effective thermal conductance is at least 0.003 W/K, where W is watts and K is degrees Kelvin.
2 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive equalizer comprises a material that allows heat to move from a first position in an interior of the container that has a high temperature to a second position in the interior of the container that has a lower temperature.
3 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive equalizer extends the period of time the load is maintained in a desired temperature range by conducting heat from the location the conductive equalizer is positioned to the thermal bank.
4 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive equalizer comprises at least one part comprising one or more materials having a thermal conductivity in the range from 10 to 500 W/m-K.
5 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein L is in a range of 0.05 m to 2 m, wherein T is greater than or equal to 0.000001 m, and wherein T/L is in a range of 0.0002 to 0.000005.
6 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive equalizer extends the period of time the load is maintained in a desired temperature range by conducting heat from the thermal bank toward the location the conductive equalizer is positioned.
7 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive equalizer has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.01 mm.
8 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive equalizer comprises an insulation material on one or both surfaces of the conductive equalizer.
9 . A method of thermally protecting a load, comprising:
positioning a load within an interior of a container;
positioning a conductive equalizer proximate to at least a portion of the load, wherein at least a portion of the conductive equalizer has a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/mK, wherein positioning the conductive equalizer proximate the at least a portion of the load comprises positioning the conductive equalizer inside the container,
wherein the conductive equalizer is configured to be in direct thermal contact with a thermal bank, such that the thermal bank absorbs heat from the conductive equalizer or provides heat to the conductive equalizer, wherein the conductive equalizer extends a period of time the load is maintained in a desired temperature range,
wherein the conductive equalizer comprises a sheet of material having a thermal conductivity, TC, wherein the sheet of material has a length, L, from a proximal end of the sheet directly thermally conductively connected to the conductive equalizer to a distal end of the sheet, a thickness T, and a width w, wherein the sheet has an effective thermal conductance from the distal end to the proximal end equal to TC×w×T/L, and
wherein the effective thermal conductance is at least 0.003 W/K, where W is watts and K is degrees Kelvin.
10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the conductive equalizer comprises a material that allow heat to move from a first position in an interior of the container that has a high temperature to a second position in the interior of the container that has a lower temperature.
11 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the conductive equalizer extends the period of time the load is maintained in a desired temperature range by conducting heat from a location the conductive equalizer is positioned to the thermal bank.
12 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the conductive equalizer comprises at least one part comprising one or more materials having a thermal conductivity in a range from 10 to 500 W/m-K.
13 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein L is in a range of 0.05 m to 2 m, wherein T is greater than or equal to 0.000001 m, and wherein T/L is in a range of 0.0002 to 0.000005.
14 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the conductive equalizer extends the period of time the load is maintained in a desired temperature range by conducting heat from the thermal bank toward the location the conductive equalizer is positioned.
15 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the conductive equalizer has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.01 mm.
16 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the conductive equalizer comprises an insulation material on one or both surfaces of the conductive equalizer.