Organic rankine cycle for data center electronics cooling and thermal energy recovery
A technique for recovering power from data center waste heat involves an organic Rankine cycle which includes pumping an organic working fluid through a low-temperature preheater chamber configured to exchange relatively low-temperature waste heat from low-temperature data storage devices to the organic working fluid flowing through the preheater chamber, pumping the working fluid through a high-temperature evaporator thermally coupled with the preheater chamber and configured to exchange relatively high-temperature waste heat from high-temperature CPUs to the working fluid flowing through the evaporator, and pumping the working fluid vapor from the evaporator to an expander for generating power via expansion of the working fluid. The preheater and evaporator may be directly incorporated with the enclosure box housing the various heat-generating components.
1 . A system comprising:
a low-temperature preheater chamber configured to intake low-temperature waste heat from one or more relatively low-temperature electronic components and to exchange the low-temperature waste heat to an organic working fluid flowing through the preheater chamber;
a high-temperature evaporator in fluid communication with the preheater chamber and configured to intake high-temperature waste heat from one or more relatively high-temperature electronic components and to exchange the high-temperature waste heat to the organic working fluid flowing through the evaporator; and
an expander to which the heated organic working fluid is passed from the evaporator, for expansion within the expander to extract power.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the relatively high-temperature electronic components include one or more central processing units (CPUs) housed in an electronics enclosure.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the relatively low-temperature electronic components include one or more data storage devices housed in an electronics enclosure.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the relatively high-temperature electronic components include one or more central processing units (CPUs) housed in the electronics enclosure with the relatively low-temperature electronic components.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the preheater chamber and the evaporator are configured to thermally couple with an electronics enclosure in which the relatively low-temperature electronic components and the relatively high-temperature electronic components are housed; and
the system is configured such that the organic working fluid flows from the preheater chamber to the evaporator.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein:
the preheater chamber is configured to thermally couple with the electronics enclosure via one or more first heat exchanger; and
the evaporator is configured to thermally couple with the electronics enclosure via one or more second heat exchanger.
7 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of preheater chambers each configured to thermally couple with a corresponding electronics enclosure in which corresponding relatively low-temperature electronic components are housed;
a plurality of evaporators each configured to thermally couple with one of the corresponding electronics enclosures, in which corresponding relatively high-temperature electronic components are housed and with which a corresponding preheater chamber is configured to thermally couple; and
a manifold configured to fluidly connect two or more of the evaporators prior to passing to the expander.
8 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a lower-temperature preheater chamber in fluid communication with the low-temperature preheater chamber and configured to intake lower-temperature waste heat, having a lower temperature than the low-temperature waste heat, from one or more relatively lower-temperature electronic components, and to exchange the lower-temperature waste heat to the organic working fluid flowing through the lower-temperature preheater chamber to the low-temperature preheater chamber.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the low-temperature electronic components are immersed in the organic working fluid in the preheater chamber; and
the high-temperature electronic components are immersed in the organic working fluid in the evaporator.
10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein:
the low-temperature electronic components are housed in a first electronics enclosure immersed in the organic working fluid in the preheater chamber; and
the high-temperature electronic components are housed in a second electronics enclosure immersed in the organic working fluid in the evaporator.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the preheater chamber and the evaporator comprise an integrated chamber in which the low-temperature electronic components and the high-temperature electronic components are immersed in the organic working fluid.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the low-temperature electronic components and the high-temperature electronic components are housed in a common electronics enclosure immersed in the organic working fluid.
13 . A method for recovering power from data center waste heat, the method comprising:
pumping an organic working fluid through a low-temperature preheater chamber configured to exchange low-temperature waste heat from one or more relatively low-temperature electronic components to the organic working fluid flowing through the preheater chamber;
pumping the organic working fluid through a high-temperature evaporator thermally coupled with the preheater chamber and configured to exchange high-temperature waste heat from one or more relatively high-temperature electronic components to the organic working fluid flowing through the evaporator; and
pumping the heated organic working fluid from the evaporator to an expander for generating power via expansion of the organic working fluid.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein:
pumping the organic working fluid through the low-temperature preheater chamber includes passing the organic working fluid by the relatively low-temperature electronic components comprising one or more data storage devices housed in an electronics enclosure; and
pumping the organic working fluid through the high-temperature evaporator includes passing the organic working fluid by the relatively high-temperature electronic components comprising one or more central processing units (CPUs) housed in an electronics enclosure.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein:
the relatively high-temperature electronic components and the relatively low-temperature electronic components are housed together in a shared electronics enclosure;
the preheater chamber and the evaporator are each thermally coupled with the shared electronics enclosure; and
pumping the organic working fluid through the high-temperature evaporator includes pumping the organic working fluid flowing from the preheater chamber to the evaporator.
16 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
pumping the organic working fluid from a lower-temperature preheater chamber thermally coupled with the low-temperature preheater chamber and configured to exchange lower-temperature waste heat, having a lower temperature than the low-temperature waste heat, from one or more relatively lower-temperature electronic components to the organic working fluid flowing through the lower-temperature preheater chamber.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein:
pumping the organic working fluid through the low-temperature preheater chamber includes passing the organic working fluid by the low-temperature electronic components immersed in the organic working fluid in the preheater chamber; and
pumping the organic working fluid through the high-temperature evaporator includes passing the organic working fluid by the high-temperature electronic components immersed in the organic working fluid in the evaporator.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein:
the preheater chamber and the evaporator are configured as an integrated chamber in which the low-temperature electronic components and the high-temperature electronic components are immersed in the organic working fluid; and
pumping the organic working fluid through the low-temperature preheater chamber and pumping the organic working fluid through the high-temperature evaporator comprise pumping the organic working fluid through the integrated chamber.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein pumping the organic working fluid through the low-temperature preheater chamber and pumping the organic working fluid through the high-temperature evaporator comprise passing the organic working fluid by a common electronics enclosure housing the low-temperature and the high-temperature electronic components and immersed in the organic working fluid.
20 . An electronics waste heat recovery system comprising:
means for exchanging low-temperature waste heat from one or more relatively low-temperature electronic components, comprising one or more data storage devices, to an organic working fluid;
means for exchanging high-temperature waste heat from one or more relatively high-temperature electronic components, comprising one or more central processing units (CPUs), to the organic working fluid coming from the means for exchanging low-temperature waste heat; and
means for expanding the heated organic working fluid from the means for exchanging high-temperature waste heat to recover power from the low-temperature and the high-temperature waste heat.