Polyaluminum Sulfate with Reduced Chloride Content
Methods are described for manufacturing ultra-low chloride, polyaluminum sulfate (PAS) coagulants useful for removing suspended colloidal matter and organic carbon in potable water, industrial process water and wastewater. A method of preparing a PAS solution includes forming a basic solution of sodium carbonate and sodium aluminate, adding an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate and the basic solution to water to form a mixture having a pH between about 5 to 7, allowing precipitates of aluminum hydroxide to form in the mixture, and adding an additional aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate in an amount sufficient to dissolve the precipitates of the aluminum hydroxide and to form the PAS solution. The PAS solution has reduced corrosivity compared to other aluminum-based coagulants, and is particularly suitable for drinking water applications. The simplified methods used to produce the PAS coagulant provide a high quality product that is less expensive to produce than current methods.
1 . A method of preparing a polyaluminum sulfate (PAS) solution with reduced chloride content, the method comprising:
forming a basic solution of sodium carbonate and sodium aluminate;
adding an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate and the basic solution to water to form a mixture having a pH between about 5 and about 7;
allowing precipitates of aluminum hydroxide to form in the mixture; and
adding an additional aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate to the mixture in an amount sufficient to dissolve the precipitates of the aluminum hydroxide and to form the PAS solution.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate and the basic solution of sodium carbonate and sodium aluminate are added to the water as two separate streams that do not contact one another prior to being added to the water.
3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the basic solution has a ratio of the sodium carbonate to the sodium aluminate of 0.1 to 0.3.
4 . The method according to claim 2 , further comprising agitating the water when the two separate streams are added to the water.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adjusting flow rates of the two separate streams in order to maintain the pH of the mixture.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PAS solution formed has less than 20 ppm chloride.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture has a pH between about 6.5 to about 6.8.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adding phosphoric acid to the PAS solution.
9 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the phosphoric acid is added at a concentration of about 0.75% to about 1.5% by weight.
10 . A polyaluminum sulfate (PAS) solution prepared by the method of claim 1 .
11 . The PAS solution according to claim 10 , having a basicity of between about 40 and about 70, a weight percent sulfate between about 15 and about 22, and a weight percent alumina between about 7.5 and about 12.
12 . The PAS solution according to claim 10 , having a basicity of between about 48% and about 52%, a weight percent sulfate between about 16.8 and about 17.2, and a weight percent alumina between about 8.0 and about 8.5.
13 . The PAS solution according to claim 10 , stabilized with between about 0.75% and about 1.125% phosphoric acid by weight.
14 . A method for treating water to reduce impurities, the method comprising:
adding the PAS solution of claim 10 to the water in order to coagulate the impurities; and
separating the coagulated impurities from the water to produce a treated water reduced in the impurities without increasing a chloride to sulfate mass ratio of the treated water.