Solid electrolyte material and solid-state battery made therewith
A solid electrolyte material comprising Li, T, X and A wherein T is at least one of P, As, Si, Ge, Al, and B; X is BH 4 ; A is S, Se, or N. The solid electrolyte material may include glass ceramic and/or mixed crystalline phases, and exhibits high ionic conductivity and compatibility with high voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes.
1. A solid electrolyte material comprising:
Li, T, X and A, wherein T is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P, As, Si, Ge, Al, and B; X is one or more halogens or BH 4 , BF 4 , NH 2 , or NO 3 , or a combination thereof; A is one or more of S, Se, and N;
wherein the solid electrolyte material has peaks at 2θ=14.6°±0.25°, 15.3°±0.25°, and 25.1°±0.25° in an X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418 Å,
and wherein the solid electrolyte material has a Raman spectrum comprising a peak at 423 cm -1 , wherein the peak at 423 cm -1 is the highest intensity peak in a range from 200-700 cm- 1 .
2. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of intensities of the peak at 2θ=15.3°±0.25° to the peak at 14.6°±0.25° is 25:1 or less.
3. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a formula LPS·zLiX, wherein
LPS denotes a mixture of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 having a molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 4:1;
LiX represents LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , or LiNO 3 ; and
0.25≤z≤4.
4. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a formula LPS·zLiX, wherein
LPS denotes a mixture of Li 2 S and B 2 S 3 having a molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 3:1;
LiX represents LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , or LiNO 3 ; and
0.25≤z≤4.
5. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a formula LPSX·zLiX, wherein
LPSX denotes a mixture of Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and LiX having a molar ratio ranging from 1:1:1 to 4:1:4;
LiX represents LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , or LiNO 3 ; and
0.25≤z≤4.
6. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a formula LPSX·zLiX, wherein
LPSX denotes a mixture of Li 2 S, B 2 S 3 , and LiX having a molar ratio ranging from 1:1:1 and 3:1:4;
LiX represents LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , or LiNO 3 ; and
0.25≤z≤4.
7. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a crystalline domain size of 100 nm or less.
8. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising one or more structural units comprising at least one of P 2 S 6 4− or PS 4 3− .
9. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a crystalline fraction having a nominal composition of Li 5 PS 4 X 2 and a glassy fraction.
10. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a formula Li + (12-n-y) T n+ A 2− (6-y) X − (y) wherein T comprises P, A comprises S, X comprises BH 4 , and y>1.
11. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a mixture of a crystalline phase having peaks at 2θ=14.6°±0.25°, 15.3°±0.25°, and 25.1°±0.25° in an X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418 Å and of one or more of LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , LiNO 3 , LiSCN, LiOCN.
12. The solid electrolyte material of claim 1 , comprising a crystalline Argyrodite-type phase comprising 50% or more by mol of total phases present.
13. An electrochemical cell comprising:
(a) a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material;
(b) a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material; and
(c) a solid electrolyte containing layer disposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, wherein at least one of the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, and the solid electrolyte containing layer comprises at least one solid electrolyte material comprising: Li, T, X and A, wherein
T comprises P, As, Si, Ge, Al, and B;
X comprises one or more halogens, BH 4 , BF 4 , NH 2 , or NO 3 or combination thereof;
A comprises one or more of S, Se, and N; and
the at least one solid electrolyte material has peaks at 2θ=14.6°=0.25°, 15.3°±0.25°, and 25.1°±0.25° in an X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418 Å,
and wherein the solid electrolyte material has a Raman spectrum comprising a peak at 423 cm -1 wherein the peak at 423 cm -1 is the highest intensity peak in a range from 200-700cm -1 .
14. The electrochemical cell of claim 13 , where in the negative electrode active material comprises one or more of lithium metal, lithium alloys, Si, Sn, graphitic carbon, hard carbon, or combination thereof.
15. A method for producing a solid electrolyte material comprising combining a composition comprising Li, T, and A wherein T is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P, As, Si, Ge, Al, and B; and A comprises one or more of S, Se, and N with a compound LiX to form a solid electrolyte material, wherein X comprises one or more halogens, BH 4 , BF 4 , NH 2 , or NO 3 or combination thereof; wherein the formed solid electrolyte material has peaks at 2θ=14.6°±0.25°, 15.3°±0.25°, and 25.1°±0.25° in an X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418Å, and wherein the solid electrolyte material has a Raman spectrum comprising a peak at 423 cm -1 , wherein the peak at 423 cm -1 is the highest intensity peak in a range from 200-700 cm -1 .
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the combining comprises mixing, milling, or grinding until at least one of the precursor materials are substantially amorphized or alloyed.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the composition comprises a Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 component in a glass forming ratio.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the glass forming ratio of the Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 component ranges from 1:1 by mol to 1:4 by mol.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 component comprises one or more of a glassy phase or a crystalline phase.
20. A solid electrolyte material comprising a formula LPS · zLiX, wherein
LPS denotes a mixture of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 having a molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 4:1;
LiX represents LiCI, LiBr, LiI, LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , or LiNO 3 ; and
0.25≤z≤4,
wherein the solid electrolyte material has peaks at 2θ=14.6°+0.25°, 15.3°+0.25°, and 25.1°+0.25° in an X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418Å.
21. A solid electrolyte material comprising a formula LPS · zLiX, wherein LPS denotes a mixture of Li 2 S and B 2 S 3 having a molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 3:1;
LiX represents LiCI, LiBr, Lil, LiBH 4 , LiBF 4 , LiNH 2 , or LiNO 3 ; and
0.25≤z≤4,
wherein the solid electrolyte material has peaks at 2θ=14.6°+0.25°, 15.3°+0.25°, and 25.1°+0.25° in an X-ray diffraction measurement with Cu-Kα(1,2)=1.5418Å.