SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMOLECULE RETENTION
Compositions, systems, and methods for the display of analytes such as biomolecules are described. Display of analytes is achieved by coupling of the analytes to displaying molecules that are configured to associate with surfaces or interfaces. Arrays of analytes may be formed from the described systems for utilization in assays and other methods.
1 . An array, comprising:
a) a plurality of sites, wherein each individual site of the plurality of sites is resolvable at single-analyte resolution;
b) a plurality of nucleic acid nanostructures, wherein each individual site of the plurality of sites is coupled to one and only one individual nucleic acid nanostructure of the plurality of nucleic acid nanostructures; and
c) a plurality of polypeptides, wherein each individual polypeptide of the plurality of polypeptides is coupled to one and only one individual nucleic acid nanostructure of the plurality of nucleic acid nanostructures, wherein the plurality of polypeptides comprises a first polypeptide species and a second polypeptide species having a dynamic range of at least 104.
2 . The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sites comprises at least 106 sites.
3 . The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of polypeptides comprises at least 103 polypeptide species.
4 . The array of claim 1 , wherein neighboring sites are separated by an average distance of at least 500 nanometers (nm).
5 . The array of claim 1 , wherein each individual polypeptide is attached to an individual nucleic acid nanostructure by a linking moiety.
6 . The array of claim 5 , wherein the linking moiety separates the polypeptide from a surface of the array by at least 10 nanometers (nm).
7 . The array of claim 5 , wherein the linking moiety comprises a double-stranded nucleic acid.
8 . The array of claim 1 , wherein a nucleic acid nanostructure of the plurality of nucleic acid nanostructures is coupled to a site of the plurality of sites by nucleic acid hybridization of a first oligonucleotide of the nucleic acid nanostructure with a second oligonucleotide of the site.
9 . The array of claim 8 , wherein the first oligonucleotide further comprises a non-nucleic acid linking moiety.
10 . The array of claim 9 , wherein the non-nucleic acid linking moiety comprises synthetic polymer.
11 . The array of claim 10 , wherein the synthetic polymer comprises polyethylene glycol.
12 . The array of claim 1 , further comprising a fluidic medium comprising a denaturing species contacted to the array.
13 . The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises a first set of nucleic acid nanostructures and a second set of nucleic acid nanostructures, wherein nucleic acid nanostructures of the first set comprise a first detectable label, wherein nucleic acid nanostructures of the second set comprise a second detectable label, and wherein the first detectable label differs from the second detectable label.
14 . The array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprises a first set of nucleic acid nanostructures and a second set of nucleic acid nanostructures, wherein nucleic acid nanostructures of the first set are coupled to polypeptides from a first sample, and wherein nucleic acid nanostructures of the second set are coupled to polypeptides from a second sample.
15 . The array of claim 14 , wherein the first sample or the second sample comprises the first polypeptide species and the second polypeptide species.
16 . The array of claim 15 , wherein the first sample and the second sample comprise the first polypeptide species and the second polypeptide species.
17 . The array of claim 16 , wherein the first sample and the second sample each individually comprise the first polypeptide species and the second polypeptide species having a dynamic range of at least 104.
18 . The array of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of affinity agents bound to polypeptides of the plurality of polypeptides.
19 . The array of claim 18 , wherein an affinity agent of the plurality of affinity agents is bound to a polypeptide of the first polypeptide species.
20 . The array of claim 18 , wherein an affinity agent of the plurality of affinity agents is bound to a polypeptide of the second polypeptide species.
21 . The array of claim 18 , wherein a first affinity agent of the plurality of affinity agents is bound to a polypeptide of the first polypeptide species and a second affinity agent of the plurality of affinity agents is bound to a polypeptide of the second polypeptide species.