IP Library Granted Patent US 12,310,366
Granted Patent B2
US 12,310,366 · App. 18/430,224 · Granted May 27, 2025

Herbicidal compositions for animal grazelands and methods for applying the same

Inventors: Harold Quicke (Cary, NC); David R. Spak (Cary, NC); Derek J. Sebastian (Greeley, CO); Roland Maynard (Chapel Hill, NC)
Assignee: Discovery Purchaser Corporation
A01N43/68
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,310,366
App. No.
18/430,224
Granted
May 27, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Methods and compositions for controlling undesired vegetation in animal grazelands.

Claims (23)

1. A method of controlling fire size and frequency at a locus in need thereof, comprising:

applying to the locus an amount of a composition of indaziflam sufficient to reduce flammable biomass at the locus,

wherein the locus is a pasture used for grazing domestic livestock, and

wherein the pasture is safe for grazing by the domestic livestock immediately following the application of indaziflam.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the livestock is ruminant animals.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the livestock is cows, sheep, bison, horses, elk, moose, antelopes or deer.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the livestock is cows.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the milk of the livestock is to be consumed by humans.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the meat of the livestock is to be consumed by humans.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is applied at a rate of 0.001 to 100 oz/A.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is applied at a rate of 0.01 to 75 oz/A.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is applied at a rate of 0.1 to 50 oz/A.

10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is applied in an amount of 0.001 to 25 lb. ai/A.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is applied in an amount of 0.005 to 10 lb. ai/A.

12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is applied in an amount of 0.01 to 1 lb. ai/A.

13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises indaziflam in an amount of 0.001 to 50 lb./gallon.

14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises indaziflam in an amount of 0.01 to 25 lb./gallon.

15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises indaziflam in an amount of 0.1 to 10 lb./gallon.

16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biomass is derived in whole or in part from an invasive grass species, and wherein said invasive grass belongs to the genera Microstegium, Digitaria, Poa, Bromus, Ventenata, Taeniatherum, Secale , and Aegilops.

17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the livestock is ruminant animals.

18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the milk or the meat of the livestock is to be consumed by humans.

19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flammable biomass comprises thatch.

20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the application of indaziflam promotes a discontinuous fire system over a horizontally continuous fire system.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 1, 2024
From: QUICKE, HAROLD; SPAK, DAVID R; SEBASTIAN, DEREK J; MAYNARD, ROLAND
To: BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP
Reel/Frame 066616/0409 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Mar 1, 2024
From: BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP
To: DISCOVERY PURCHASER CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 066620/0345 →
Continuity (8)
Continuation 18151076 · Jan 6, 2023
Continuation 17737451 · May 5, 2022
Division 17675825 · Feb 18, 2022
Continuation 17496243 · Oct 7, 2021
Continuation 16710965 · Dec 11, 2019
Continuation PCTUS2019062634 · Nov 21, 2019
Provisional Application 62773037 · Nov 29, 2018
Related Publication 20240164381A1 · May 23, 2024
References Cited (258)
US 8093421B2 · Lui et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8114991B2 · Ahrens et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8236729B2 · Hacker et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8283495B2 · Dietrich et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8426342B2 · Kilian et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8492313B2 · Gatzweiler et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8586503B2 · Hacker et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8728977B2 · Rosinger et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8759584B2 · Ford et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US RE46095E · Hacker et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9439430B2 · Menne et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9723836B2 · Spesard et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9796737B2 · Ford et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US RE47666E · Hacker et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10494350B2 · Ressel et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10772328B2 · Spak et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11166463B2 · Quicke et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20100016158A1 · Kilian et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20120142533A1 · Richard et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130267417A1 · Seitz et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140031221A1 · Yerkes et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140256550A1 · Schulz · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20160002168A1 · Bickers et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160102072A1 · Hoekstra et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20180206499A1 · Spak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180289008A1 · Sebastian et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20200107546A1 · Spak et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20220022455A1 · Quicke et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220167619A1 · Quicke et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220256850A1 · Quicke et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230143100A1 · Quicke et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
CA 2903643A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 105052953A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010009819A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018136352A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018187301A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020076692A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020112491A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Esplanade F Herbicide,” issued Mar. 3, 2011, accessed at https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000432-01517-20110303.pdf, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance mailed Apr. 27, 2022 in U.S. Appl. No. 17/675,825, Quicke, H., et al., filed Feb. 18, 2022, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance mailed Mar. 2, 2023 in U.S. Appl. No. 17/675,825, Quicke, H., et al., filed Feb. 18, 2022, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Office Action mailed Jul. 7, 2022 in U.S. Appl. No. 17/737,451, Quicke, H., et al., filed May 5, 2022, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Government of Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency, “Proposed Registration Decision: Indaziflam, No. PRD2011-20,” published Oct. 7, 2011, accessed at https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-… [cited by applicant]
Ulbrich, A., et al., Persistence and Carryover Effect of Imazapic and Imazapyr in Brazilian Cropping Systems, Weed Technol. 19(4):986-991, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2005). [cited by applicant]
Alex, J.F., “The taxonomy, history, and distribution of Linaria dalmatica,” Canadian Journal of Botany 40(2):295-307, Canadian Science Publishing, Canada (1962). [cited by applicant]
Allen, E.A., et al., “Effects of a spring prescribed burn on the soil seed bank in sagebrush steppe exhibiting pinyon-juniper expansion,” West North American Naturalist 68(3):265-277, Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, … [cited by applicant]
Alonso, D.G., et al., “Sorption-desorption of indaziflam in selected agricultural soils,” J. Agric. Food Chem. 59(24):13096-13101, American Chemical Society, United States (2011). [cited by applicant]
Andersen, M.R., et al., “Value of mountain rye for suppression of annual bromegrasses on semiarid mined lands,” Journal of Range Management 45(4):345-351, Allen Press, United States (Jul. 1992). [cited by applicant]
Arteca, R.N., et al., “A novel method for growing [cited by applicant]
Baker, W.L., “Fire and restoration of sagebrush ecosystems,” Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(1):177-185, Wiley, United States (Mar. 2006). [cited by applicant]
Baker, W.L., et al., “Effect of Imazapic on Cheatgrass and Native Plants In Wyoming Big Sagebrush Restoration for Gunnison Sage-Grouse,” Natural Areas Journal 29(3):204-209, BioOne, United States (2009). [cited by applicant]
Balch, J.K., et al., “Introduced annual grass increases regional fire activity across the arid western USA (1980-2009),” Global Change Biology 19(1):173-183, Wiley, United States (2013). [cited by applicant]
Ball, D.A., “Effects of aminocyclopyrachlor herbicide on downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Bansal, S., et al., “The effects of precipitation and soil type on three invasive annual grasses in the western United States,” Journal of Arid Environments 104:38-42, Elsevier, Netherlands (May 2014). [cited by applicant]
Bashline, L., et al., “The TWD40-2 protein and the AP2 complex cooperate in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of cellulose synthase to regulate cellulose biosynthesis,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 11… [cited by applicant]
Beck, K.G., “Biology and Management of the Toadflaxes,” revised on Dec. 2014, accessed at https://www.digitalrmbl.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/toadflax.pdf, accessed on Mar. 30, 2023, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Beck, K.G., “Downy Brome ( [cited by applicant]
Beck, K.G., et al., “Jointed goatgrass ( [cited by applicant]
Beck, K.G., et al., “Invasive species defined in a policy context: recommendations from the federal invasive species advisory committee,” Invasive Plant Science and Management 1(4):414-421, Cambridge University Press, U… [cited by applicant]
Belnap, J., et al., “Soil biota can change after exotic plant invasion: does this affect ecosystem processes?” Ecology 86(11):3007-3017, Wiley, United States (2005). [cited by applicant]
Billings, W.D., “Ecological impacts of cheatgrass and resultant fire on ecosystems in the Western Great Basin,” in [cited by applicant]
Brisbin, H., et al., “Soil seed bank responses to postfire herbicide and native seeding treatments designed to control Bromus tectorum in a Pinyon-juniper woodland at Zion National Park, USA,” Invasive Plant Science and… [cited by applicant]
Brosnan, J.T., et al., “Application placement affects postemergence smooth crabgrass ( [cited by applicant]
Brosnan, J.T., et al., “Pre and Post control of annual bluegrass ( [cited by applicant]
Brosnan, J.T., et al., “A Putative Prodiamine-Resistant Annual Bluegrass ( [cited by applicant]
Burnside, O.C., et al., “Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska,” Weed Science 44:74-86, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1996). [cited by applicant]
Calo, A., et al., “Integrated treatment with a prescribed burn and postemergent herbicide demonstrates initial success in managing cheatgrass in a northern Colorado natural area,” Natural Areas Journal 32(3):300-304, Bi… [cited by applicant]
Chambers, J.C., et al., “Using resistance and resilience concepts to reduce impacts of invasive annual grasses and altered fire regimes on the sagebrush ecosystem and greater sage-grouse: A strategic multi-scale approac… [cited by applicant]
Christensen, S., “Crop weed competition and herbicide performance in cereal species and varieties,” Weed Research 34(1):29-36, Wiley, United States (1994). [cited by applicant]
Cocorahs, “CoCoRaHS Water Year Summary Reports,” accessed at http://www.cocorahs.org/WaterYearSummary/, accessed on Mar. 30, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Corio-Costet, M.F., et al., “Effects of isoxaben on sensitive and tolerant plant cell cultures: I. Metabolic fate of isoxaben,” Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 40(3):246-254, Elsevier, Netherlands (1991). [cited by applicant]
Crawford, J.A., et al., “Ecology and management of sage-grouse habitat,” J. Range Manage. 57(1):2-19, BioOne, United States (2004). [cited by applicant]
Crowell, E.F., et al., “Pausing of Golgi bodies on microtubules regulates secretion of cellulose synthase complexes in [cited by applicant]
Cummings, D.C., et al., “Is altering grazing selectivity of invasive forage species vvith patch burning more effective than herbicide treatments?” Rangeland Ecology Management 60(3):253-260, Elsevier, Netherlands (2007). [cited by applicant]
D'Antonio, C.M., et al., “Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23(1992):63-87, Annual Reviews, United States (1992). [cited by applicant]
Davies, K.W., et al., “Are We “Missing The Boat” on Preventing The Spread of Invasive Plants In Rangelands?” Invasive Plant Science and Management 4(1):166-172, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2011). [cited by applicant]
Davies, K.W., et al., “Promoting native vegetation and diversity in exotic annual grass infestations,” Restoration Ecology 19(2):159-165, Wiley, United States (2011). [cited by applicant]
Davies, K.W., “Medusahead dispersal and establishment in sagebrush steppe plant communities,” Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 61(1):110-115, Elsevier, Netherlands (2008). [cited by applicant]
Davies, K.W., et al., “Medusahead invasion along unimproved roads, animal trails, and random transects,” West North American Naturalist 73(1):54-59, Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, United States (2013). [cited by applicant]
De Barreda, D.G., et al., “Spring Establishment of Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses After Fall Indaziflam Applications,” Weed Technol. 27(3):448-453, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2013). [cited by applicant]
Debolt, S., et al., “Nonmotile cellulose synthase subunits repeatedly accumulate within localized regions at the plasma membrane in [cited by applicant]
Desprez, T., et al., “Resistance against herbicide isoxaben and cellulose deficiency caused by distinct mutations in same cellulose synthase isoform CESA6,” Plant Physiology 128(2):482-490, American Society of Plant Bio… [cited by applicant]
Diamond, J.M., et al., “Effects of targeted grazing and prescribed burning on community and seed dynamics of a downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Dietrich, H., et al., “Inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis,” chapter 7 in [cited by applicant]
Ditomaso, J.M., et al., “Exotic plant management in California annual grasslands,” in Stromberg, M.R., et al., California Grasslands: Ecology and Managementeds, pp. 281-296 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Ditomaso, J.M., et al., “Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management,” Weed Science 48(2):255-265, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2000). [cited by applicant]
Ditomaso, J.M., et al., “Rangeland invasive plant management,” Rangelands 32(1):43-47, BioOne, United States (2010). [cited by applicant]
Duke, S.O., “Why have no new herbicide modes of action appeared in recent years?” Pest Management Science 68(4):505-512, Wiley, United States (2011). [cited by applicant]
Duncan, C.A., et al., “Invasive plants of range and wildlands and their environmental, economical and societal impacts,” Duncan C.A., et al., eds., Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, Kansas, United States (2005). [cited by applicant]
Duncan, C.A., et al., “Assessing the economic, environmental, and societal losses from invasive plants on rangeland and wildlands,” Weed Technol. 18:1411-1416, BioOne, United States (2004). [cited by applicant]
Eckert Jr., R.E., et al., “A chemical-fallow technique for control of downy brome and establishment of perennial grasses on rangeland,” Journal of Range Management 20:35-41, Elsevier, Netherlands (1967). [cited by applicant]
Ehlert, K.A., et al., “Imazapic activity in a semiarid climate in downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Ellstrand, N.C., et al., “Crops gone wild: evolution of weeds and invasives from domesticated ancestors,” Evol. Appl. 3(5-6):494-504, Wiley, United States (2010). [cited by applicant]
Enloe, S.F., et al., “Perennial grass establishment integrated with clopyralid treatment for yellow starthistle management on annual range,” Weed Technology 19(1):94-101, BioOne, United States (2005). [cited by applicant]
Espeland, E.K., et al., “Low-dose glyphosate does not control annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains,” Invasive Plant Science and Management 8(3): 334-340, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2015). [cited by applicant]
Evans, R.A., et al., “Plant litter and establishment of alien annual weed species in rangeland communities,” Weed Science 18:697-703, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1970). [cited by applicant]
Evans, R.A., et al., “Wheatgrass establishment with paraquat and tillage on downy brome ranges,” Weeds 15:50-55, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1967). [cited by applicant]
Fagard, M., et al., “PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of [cited by applicant]
Fenesi, A., et al., “Enhanced Fire-Related Traits May Contribute to the Invasiveness of Downy Brome ( [cited by applicant]
Gerlach, J., et al., “Centaurea solstitialis threatens California's ecosystems,” Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 77:160-161, Wiley, United States (1996). [cited by applicant]
Guerra, N., et al., “Influence of precipitation and sugarcane straw in aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam control efficiency,” Planta Daninha. 33(3):535-542, SciELO, Brazil (2015). [cited by applicant]
Haferkamp, M.R., et al., “Influence of Japanese brome on western wheatgrass yield,” Journal of Range Management 50:44-50, University of Arizona, United States (1997). [cited by applicant]
Haferkamp, M.R., et al., “Suppression of annual bromes impacts rangeland: vegetation responses,” Journal of Range Management 54(6):656-662, University of Arizona, United States (2001). [cited by applicant]
Harmoney, K.R., et al., “Effects of a new herbicide (aminocyclopyrachlor) on buffalograss and forbs in shortgrass prairie,” Weed Technology 26(3):455-459, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2012). [cited by applicant]
Heap, I., “Global perspective of herbicide-resistant weeds,” Pest Management Science 70(9):1306-1315, Wiley, United States (2014). [cited by applicant]
Hewlett, D., et al., “Japanese brome response to atrazine in combination with nitrogen fertilizer in the mixed prairie,” Journal of Range Management 34:22-25, University of Arizona, United States (1981). [cited by applicant]
Hirsch, M.C., et al., “Comparison of herbicides for reducing annual grass emergence in two Great Basin soils,” Rangeland Ecology Management 65(1):66-75, Elsevier, Netherlands (2012). [cited by applicant]
Hughes, J., et al., “The Use of an Optical Brightener in the Study of Plant Structure,” Stain Technology 50(5):319-329, Taylor & Francis, United Kingdom (1975). [cited by applicant]
Humphrey, L.D., et al., “Seed banks of Bromus tectorum-dominated communities in the Great Basin,” West North American Naturalist 61:85-92, Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, United States (2001). [cited by applicant]
Inoue, M.H., et al., “Bioavailability of diuron, imazapic and isoxaflutole in soils of contrasting textures,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B 44(8):757-763, Taylor & Francis, United Kingdom (2009). [cited by applicant]
James, L.F., et al., “Noxious range weeds,” Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, United States (1991). [cited by applicant]
Jarvis, M.C., “Cellulose biosynthesis: counting the chains,” Plant Physiology 163(4):1485-1486, Oxford Academic Press, United Kingdom (2013). [cited by applicant]
Jhala, A.J., et al., “Leaching of indaziflam compared with residual herbicides commonly used in Florida citrus,” Weed Technol. 26(3):602-607, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2012). [cited by applicant]
Jhala, A.J., et al., “Tank mixing saflufenacil, glufosinate, and indaziflam improved burndown and residual weed control,” Weed Technol. 27(2):422-429, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2013). [cited by applicant]
Kaapro, J., “Indaziflam—a new herbicide for pre-emergent control of weeds in turf, forestry, industrial vegetation, and ornamentals,” in 23rd Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference: Queensland, AU (2012). [cited by applicant]
Keane, R.E., et al., “Ecological effects of large fires on US landscapes: benefit or catastrophe?” International Journal of Wildland Fire 17(6):696-712, CSIRO Publishing, Australia (2008). [cited by applicant]
Kelley, W.K., et al., “Managing downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Kessler, K.C., et al., “Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control,” Rangeland Ecology Management 68(4):367-374, Elsevier, Netherlands (2015). [cited by applicant]
Knapp, P.A., “Cheatgrass ( [cited by applicant]
Kyser, G.B., et al., “Effect of timing on chemical control of Dalmatian Toadflax ( [cited by applicant]
Kyser, G.B., et al., “Control of medusahead ( [cited by applicant]
Kyser G.B., et al., “Preemergent control of medusahead on California annual rangelands with aminopyralid,” Rangeland Ecol. Manage 65(4):418-425, Elsevier, Netherlands (2012). [cited by applicant]
Kyser, G.B., et al., “Herbicide-assisted restoration of Great Basin sagebrush steppe infested with medusahead and downy brome,” Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 66(5):588-596, Elsevier, Netherlands (2013). [cited by applicant]
Lagator, M., et al., “Herbicide mixtures at high doses slow the evolution of resistance in experimentally evolving populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,” New Phytologist. 198(3):938-945, Wiley, United States (2013). [cited by applicant]
Mack, R.N., “Invasion of [cited by applicant]
Mangold, J., et al., “Integrating herbicides and re-seeding to restore rangeland infested by an invasive forb-annual grass complex,” Ecological Restoration 33(1):16-19, University of Wisconsin Press, United States (2015… [cited by applicant]
Mangold, J., et al., “Downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Meyer, S.E., et al., “Inbreeding, genetic variation, and invasiveness: the strange case of Bromus tectorum,” Rangelands 32(1):6-11, University of Arizona, United States (2010). [cited by applicant]
Monaco, T.A., et al., “Medusahead control with fall- and spring-applied herbicides on northern Utah foothills,” Weed Technology 19(3):653-658, Cambridge University Press, United States (2005). [cited by applicant]
Morghan, R., et al., “Centaurea solstitialis invasion success is influenced by Nassella pulchra size,” Restoration Ecology 13(3):524-528, Wiley, United States (2005). [cited by applicant]
Morris, C., et al., “Variable impacts of imazapic rate on downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Morrow, L.A., et al., “The history and distribution of downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Mueller-Warrant, G, et al., “Primisulfuron Resistance in Downy Brome,” in Proc. West Soc. Weed Sci., pp. 16, Weed Science Society of America, United States (1999). [cited by applicant]
Mutwil, M., et al., “Cellulose synthesis: a complex complex,” Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 11(3): 252-257, Elsevier, Netherlands (2008). [cited by applicant]
Myers, D., et al., “Indaziflam/BCS AA170717—a new herbicide for preemergent control of grasses and broadleaves in turf and ornamentals,” in Proc. South Weed Sci. Soc., pp. 393, Weed Science Society of America, United St… [cited by applicant]
Nafus, A.M., et al., “Medusahead ecology and management: California annual grasslands to the intermountain west,” Invasive Plant Science and Management 7(2):210-221, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2014). [cited by applicant]
Nagata, T., et al., “Cell wall regeneration and cell division in isolated tobacco mesophyll protoplasts,” Planta 92(4):301-308, Springer, United Kingdom (1970). [cited by applicant]
Washington State University, “National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program (1994-2009): Final Report,” accessed at http://jointedgoatgrass.wsu.edu/, accessed Apr. 1, 2023, 32 pages. [cited by applicant]
Neve, P., “Challenges for herbicide resistance evolution and management: 50 years after Harper,” Weed Research 47(5):365-369, Wiley, United States (2007). [cited by applicant]
Neve, P., et al., “Evolutionary-thinking in agricultural weed management,” New Phytologist 184(4):783-793, Wiley, United States (2009). [cited by applicant]
Nicol, F., et al., “A plasma membrane-bound putative endo-1, 4-13-D-glucanase is required for normal wall assembly and cell elongation in [cited by applicant]
Northam, F., et al., “New weedy grasses associated with downy brome,” in [cited by applicant]
Oba, G., et al., “Relationships between biomass and plant species richness in arid-zone grazing lands,” Journal of Applied Ecology 38(4):836-845, British Ecological Society, United Kingdom (2001). [cited by applicant]
Ogle, S.M., et al., “Impacts of exotic annual brome grasses ( [cited by applicant]
Oliviera Jr., R.S., et al., “Comparative sorption, desorption and leaching potential of aminocyclopyrachlor and picloram,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 48(12):1049-1057, Taylor & Francis, United K… [cited by applicant]
Paredez, A.R., et al., “Visualization of cellulose synthase demonstrates functional association with microtubule,” Science 312(5779):1491-1495, American Association for the Advancement of Science, United States (2006). [cited by applicant]
Park, K.W., et al., “Multiple herbicide resistance in downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Reece, P.E., et al., “Effect of canada thistle ( [cited by applicant]
Pavek. P., et al., “Ventenata biology and distribution in the Pacific Northwest,” in [cited by applicant]
Pellant, M., et al., “Distribution of two exotic grasses on intermountain rangelands: status in 1992,” in [cited by applicant]
Pester, T.A., et al., “Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of imazamox in jointed goatgrass and feral rye,” Weed Science 49(5):607-612, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2001). [cited by applicant]
Pester, T.A., et al., “Secale cereale interference and economic thresholds in winter Triticum aestivum,” Weed Science 48(6):720-727, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2000). [cited by applicant]
Pimental, D., et al., “Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States,” Ecological Economics 52(3):273-288, Elsevier, Netherlands (2005). [cited by applicant]
Powles, S.B., et al., “Evolution in action: plants resistant to herbicides,” Annual Review of Plant Biology 61:317-347, Annual Reviews, United States (2010). [cited by applicant]
Rimer, R., et al., “Invasion of downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Ritz, C., et al., “Relative potency in nonsimilar dose-response curves,” Weed Science 54(3):407-412, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2006). [cited by applicant]
Robocker, W.C., “Seed characteristics and seedling emergence of Dalmatian toadflax,” Weed Science 18(6):720-725, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1970). [cited by applicant]
Rodney, G.L., et al., “Effect of Glyphosate on Introduced and Native Grasses,” Weed Technol. 5(2):421-425, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1991). [cited by applicant]
Rose, K.K., et al., “Competitive effects of cool-season grasses on re-establishment of three weed species,” Weed Technol. 15(4):885-891, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2001). [cited by applicant]
Sabba, R.P., et al., “Herbicides that inhibit cellulose biosynthesis,” Weed Science 47(6):757-763, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1999). [cited by applicant]
SAS Institute, “SAS/STAT 9.3 User's Guide,” SAS Institute, Inc., United States, accessed at https://support.sas.com/documentation/onlinedoc/stat/930/statug.pdf, accessed on Apr. 1, 2023, 8640 pages (2010). [cited by applicant]
Schneider, C.A., et al., “NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis,” Nat. Methods 9(7):671-675, Nature Publishing Group, United Kingdom (2012). [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Winter annual grass control and remnant plant community response to indaziflam and imazapic,” in [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Indaziflam: potential new herbicide to control invasive winter annual grasses,” in [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Influence of soil properties and soil moisture on the efficacy of indaziflam and flumioxazin on [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Downy brome control on Colorado rangeland with imazapic,” Western Society of Weed Science Progress Report, Western Society of Weed Science, Colorado, United States, 1 page (2004). [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Using aminocyclopyrachlor to control Dalmatian toadflax and promote native plant community recovery and diversity,” in [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Feral rye control in Colorado,” in Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science, Western Society of Weed Science, United States (2014). [cited by applicant]
Sheley, R.L., et al., “Preventing Noxious Weed Invasions,” WeedAwareness.org, accessed at http://www.weedawareness.org/assets/documents/Preventing%20Noxious%20Weed%20Invasions.pdf, accessed on Apr. 1, 2023, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sheley, R.L., et al., “Effects of imazapic on target and nontarget vegetation during revegetation,” Weed Technol. 21(4):1071-1081, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2007). [cited by applicant]
Shinn, S.L., et al., “Tolerance of several perennial grasses to imazapic,” Weed Technology 18(1):60-65, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2004). [cited by applicant]
Smith, D.C., et al., “Factors affecting Bromus tectorum seed bank carryover in western Utah,” Rangeland Ecology and Management 61(4):430-436, Elsevier, Netherlands (2008). [cited by applicant]
Thill, D.C., et al., “The biology of downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Pesticide Fact Sheet: Indaziflam,” issued Jul. 26, 2010, accessed at https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/registration/fs_PC-080818_26-Jul-10.pdf, acces… [cited by applicant]
Tranel, P.J., et al., “Resistance of weeds to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: what have we learned?” Weed Science 50(6):700-712, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2002). [cited by applicant]
United States Department of Agriculture—Natural Resources Conservation Survey, “Web Soil Survey,” last modified Jul. 31, 2019, accessed at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/, accessed on Apr. 1, 2023, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, “Greater sage-grouse,” accessed at https://www.fws.gov/species/greater-sage-grouse-centrocercus-urophasianus, accessed on Apr. 2, 2023, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Varanasi, A., et al., “Impact of climate change factors on weeds and herbicide efficacy,” Advances in Agronomy 135:107-146, Elsevier, Netherlands (2016). [cited by applicant]
Vaughn, K.C., et al., “Mitotic disrupter herbicides,” Weed Science 39(3):450-457, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1991). [cited by applicant]
Wallace, J.M., et al., “Herbicide control strategies for Ventenata dubia in the Intermountain Pacific Northwest,” Invasive Plant Science and Management 9(2):128-137, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2016). [cited by applicant]
Wallace, J.M., et al., “Ecological characteristics of Ventenata dubia in the Intermountain Pacific Northwest,” Invasive Plant Science and Management 8(1):57-71, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (2015). [cited by applicant]
Watson, A., et al., “The biology of Canadian weeds.: 6. Centaurea diffusa and C. maculosa,” Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54(4):687-701, University of British Columbia, Canada (1974). [cited by applicant]
Western Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors, Coordinating Committee 077(2009-2014), “Managing invasive weeds in wheat,” accessed at https://www.waaesd.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/WERA77_Impact-Su… [cited by applicant]
Western Regional Climate Center, “Cooperative Climatological Data Summaries,” accessed at http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/climatedata/climsum/, accessed Apr. 1, 2023, 1 page. [cited by applicant]
Whisenant, S.G., “Changing fire frequencies on Idaho's Snake River Plains: ecological and management implications,” in [cited by applicant]
White, A.D., et al., “Feral rye (Secale cereale) in agricultural production systems,” Weed Technology 20(3):815-823, Cambridge University Press, United States (2006). [cited by applicant]
Whitson, T.D., et al., “Effects of herbicides on grass seed production and downy brome ( [cited by applicant]
Wicks, G., et al., “Influence of soil type and depth of planting on downy brome seed,” Weed Science 19(1):82-86, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1971). [cited by applicant]
Wilson, L.M., et al., “Biology and biological control of Dalmatian and yellow toadflax,” Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, United States (2005). [cited by applicant]
Wolfe, K.H., et al., “Date of the monocot-dicot divergence estimated from chloroplast DNA sequence data,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 86(16):6201-6205, National Academy of Sciences, United States (19… [cited by applicant]
Wolff, B., “North Africa grass,” in Field Guide 2013, pp. 71-73, Wyoming Weed Watchlist, United States (2013). [cited by applicant]
Weed Science Society of America, [cited by applicant]
Young, J.A., et al., “Impact of Alien Plants on Grant Basin Rangelands,” Weed Technology 10(2):384-391, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1996). [cited by applicant]
Young, J.A., “Ecology and management of medusahead ( [cited by applicant]
Young, J.A., et al., “Population dynamics of downy brome,” Weed Science 17(1):20-26, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom (1969). [cited by applicant]
Zouhar, K., et al., “Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants,” Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, United States (2008). [cited by applicant]
Bayer CropScience and Wyoming Department of Agriculture, Wyoming Emergency Exemption Request 2017, Indaziflam (Esplanade 200 SC) EPA # 432-151; published Feb. 23, 2018, 32 pages. [cited by applicant]
Havstad, K.M., et al., “Ecological services to and from rangelands of the United States,” Ecol. Econ. 64:261-268, Elsevier, Netherlands (2007). [cited by applicant]
Kyser, G.B., et al., “Medusahead Management Guide for the Western States,” USDA Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, United States (2014). [cited by applicant]
Rejmanek, M., et al., “When is eradication of exotic pest plants a realistic goal?” pp. 249-253 in [cited by applicant]
Fryer, J.L., “Ventenata dubia,” Fire Effects Information System [Online], United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States (2017). [cited by applicant]
Scheinost, P., et al., “Ventenata. Plant Guide,” USDA NRCS Pullman Plant Materials Center, United States (2008). [cited by applicant]
Wallace, T., et al., presentation slides entitled “Biology & Control of Ventenata in Perennial Grass Systems,” 2015, accessed at https://www.uidaho.edu/˜/media/UIdaho-Responsive/Files/Extension/county/nez-perce/Ag-hando… [cited by applicant]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Indaziflam—Aggregate Human Health Risk Assessment of Proposed New Uses, Crop Group Conversions, and Expansions from Representative Commodities to Crop Groups,” published Jul. 5, 20… [cited by applicant]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Drinking Water Exposure Assessment for Section 3 New Uses of Indaziflam on Blueberry (Highbush), Cranberry, Caneberry, Coffee, and Hops,” published Jul. 5, 2017, internally posted … [cited by applicant]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Indaziflam: Acute and Chronic Aggregate (Food and Drinking Water) Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessments for Proposed New Section 3 Uses of the Herbicide on Bushberries, Caneberries… [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Guidance for Identifying Pesticide Chemicals and Other Substances that have a Common Mechanism of Toxicity,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States (… [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Guidance on Cumulative Risk Assessment of Pesticide Chemicals that have a Common Mechanism of Toxicity,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States (Jan.… [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency Product Label, “Indaziflam Technical,” EPA Reg. No. 264-1129, Bayer CropScience LP, Jul. 5, 2017, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency Product Label, “Indaziflam GRZ,” EPA Reg. No. 432-1609, Bayer Environmental Science, Apr. 20, 2020, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency Product Label, “Rezilon,” EPA Reg. No. 432-1610, Bayer Environmental Science, Jun. 15, 2020, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency Product Label, “Indaziflam G,” EPA Reg. No. 432-1523, Bayer Environmental Science, May 7, 2014, 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency Product Label, “Specticle FLO,” EPA Reg. No. 432-1608, Bayer Environmental Science, Apr. 17, 2019, 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency Product Label, “Specticle G”, EPA Reg. No. 432-1523, Bayer Environmental Science, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Unpublished, copending U.S. Appl. No. 18/049,943, filed Oct. 26, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Declaration of Stevan Knezenic, Ph.D., in support of Petition for Post-Grant Review, filed Aug. 8, 2022, of U.S. Pat. No. 11,166,463, issued Nov. 9, 2021, Adama Appendix A, 86 pages. [cited by applicant]
Specification filed for U.S. Appl. No. 16/710,965, filed Dec. 11, 2019, “Herbicidal Compositions for Animal Grazelands and Methods for Applying the Same,” Adama Exhibit 1004, 32 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pesticide Fact Sheet Name of Chemical: Indaziflam, Date Issued: Jul. 26, 2010, Adama Exhibit 1005, 108 pages. [cited by applicant]
“Registration of Indaziflam on Citrus, Stone, and Pome Fruit, Grapes, Tree Nuts, Pistachios, and Olives,” Mar. 24, 2011, Adama Exhibit 1006, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Summary of Aoalytical Chemistry and Residue Data, Indaziflam. Petition for the Establishment of Permanent Tolerances and Registration, Sep. 9, 2010, Adama Exhibit 1007, 52 … [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Subject: Indaziflam: Human Health Risk Assessment for Use in Citrus, Stone, and Pome Fruits; Grapes; Tree Nuts; Pistachios; Olives; and Sugar Cane (Imported Refined Sugar),… [cited by applicant]
Alion TM Herbicide, for Preemergent Weed Control in Citrus Fruit, Stone Fruit, Pome Fruit, Tree Nuts and Pistachios Group 29 Herbicide, EPA Reg. No.: 264-1106, Adama Exhibit 1009, Apr. 7, 2011, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Label Amendment (incorporate supplemental label, remove WPS sections, remove IVM acronym, add use near office buildings) Esplanade 200 SC Herbicide EPA Reg. No. 432-1516, A… [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticide Registration, Adama Exhibit 1011, Feb. 15, 2022, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Dissertation Indaziflam: A New Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibiting Herbicide Provides Long-Term Control of Invasive Winter Annual Grasses, Submitted by Derek James Sebastian Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest… [cited by applicant]
Montana IPM Bulletin, Managemenl of wireworms: Present status, Montana State University, Spring 2019, Adama Exhibit 1013, 8pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Indaziflam—Human Health Risk Assessment of the Section 18 Specific Exemption for Use on Rangeland Grasses in Wyoming, Aug. 30, 2017, Adama Exhibit 1014, 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Indaziflam. Petition for the Establishment of Permanent Tolerances and Registration, for Use on Crop Group 17 (Forage and Hay) and Sugarcane, and Establishment of Tolerance… [cited by applicant]
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Indaziflam—Human Health Risk Assessment of the Section 18 Sepecific Exemption for Use on Rangeland Grasses in Wyoming, Aug. 30, 2017, Adama Exhibit 1016, 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
Federal Register, Rules and Regulations, Indazlflam; Pesticide Tolerances, vol. 85, No. 122, Wednesday, Jun. 24, 2020, Adama Exhibit 1017, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Notice of Pesticide: EPA Reg. No. 432-1609, Registration, Name of Pesticide Product: Indaziflam GRZ, Bayer Crop Science, Jun. 15, 2020, Adama Exhibit 1018, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Classified for “Restricted Use” in New York State under 6NYCRR Part 326, Doc id: 570416, EsplAnade® 200 SC, Bayer, Indaziflam Group Ea Herbicide, Adama Exhibit 1019, Nov. 3, 2020, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Notice of Pesticide Registration, Name of Pesticide Product: Rezilonepa, Reg. No. 432-1610, Adama Exhibit 1020, Jun. 15, 2000, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance issued in U.S. Appl. No. 16/710,965, dated Jul. 9, 2021, Adama Exhibit 1021, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Canadian Study, Proposed Registration Decision, Indaziflam, PRD2011-20, Adama Exhibit 1022, Oct. 7, 2011, 106 pages. [cited by applicant]
Calculations of Stevan Knezenic, Ph.D., in support of Petition for Post-Grant review, filed Aug. 8, 2022, of U.S. Pat. No. 11,166,463, issued Nov. 9, 2021, Adama Exhibit 1023, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sebastian et al., “A Potential New Herbicide for Invasive Annual Grass Control on Rangeland,” Rangeland Ecology & Management, vol. 69, Adama Exhibit 1024, Available online: Feb. 3, 2016, pp. 195-198 (5 pages). [cited by applicant]
Sebastian et al., “Indaziflam: a new cellulose-biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide provides long-term control of invasive winter annual grasses,” Pest Manag Sci., Oct. 2017, vol. 73, No. 10, Adama Exhibit 1025, pp. 2149-2… [cited by applicant]
Sebastian et al., “Seed Bank Depletion: The Key to Long-Term Downy [cited by applicant]
Sebastian et al., “Pre-emergence Control of Six Invasive Winter Annual Grasses with Imazapic and Indaziflam,” Invasive Plant Science and Management, vol. 9 Adama Exhibit 1027, Oct.-Dec. 2016, pp. 308-316 (9 pages). [cited by applicant]
Sebastian et al., “Preemergence Control of Nine Invasive Weeds with Arninncyclopyrnchlor, Arninopyrnlid, and Indaziflam,” Invasive Plant Science and Management, vol. 10, Adama Exhibit 1028, 2017, pp. 99-109 (11 pages). [cited by applicant]
Indaziflam 200 SC Herbicide label, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Notice of Pesticide Registration, Name of Pesticide Product: Indaziflam 200 SC Herbicide, Date of Issuance Apr. 7, 2011, Adama Exhibit 1029, 11 pag… [cited by applicant]
Imazapic Label, BASF Corporation, Specimen Plateau herbicide, Adama Exhibit 1030, 2011, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, Derek James, “Indaziflam: a new cellulose biosynthesis inhibiting herbicide provides long-term control of invasive winter annual grasses,” Jun. 9, 2017, Adama Exhibit 1031, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Human Health Risk Assessment of the Section 18 Specific Exemption for Use on Rangeland Grasses in Wyoming, Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb. 23, 2018, Adama Exhibit 1032, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kessler, K. C. “Litter Reduction by Prescribed Burning Can Extend Downy Brome Control.” Master's Thesis, Colorado State University, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Sebastian, D.J., et al., “Comparing Indaziflam and Imazapic for Downy Brome and Feral Rye Control in Range and Pasture,” in Proceedings of Western Society of Weed Science, Western Society of Weed Science, United States … [cited by applicant]
Environmental Protection Agency, “Indaziflam; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions”, Federal Register vol. 83, No. 37 (Feb. 23, 2018), 7998-8002. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/US2019/062634, dated Mar. 9, 2020, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Barr, C., and Pfeifer, M., “MSMA {Monosodium Methyl Arsenate) is Not for Pasture Use,” Aug. 9, 2019, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 4 pages. Retrieved on Jun. 25, 2021, URL: https://tvmdl.tamu.edu/2… [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/025849, dated Jun. 1, 2018, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
Brabham et al., “Indaziflam Herbicidal Action: A Potent Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor”; Plant Physiology, Nov. 2014, vol. 166, pp. 1177-1185, XP002778008. [cited by applicant]
Ahrens et al., “Indaziflam: An Innovative Broad Spectrum Herbicide”; Nov. 2015; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Sosiety/Oxford University Press; pp. 233-245; XP055458937. [cited by applicant]
Ta Teno et al., “Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors—a multifunctional toolbox”; Journal of Experimental Botany; vol. 67, Issue 2; Jan. 2016; pp. 533-542. [cited by applicant]
Hollingsworth et al., “Control of Saltcedar by Subsurface Placement of Herbicides”; Journal of Range Management, vol. 32, No. 4; Jul. 1, 1979, pp. 288-291, XP055476992. [cited by applicant]
Heim et al., Triazofenamide Is a Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor; Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology vol. 59, 1998; pp. 163-168; XP055476993. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/013698; dated Apr. 3, 2018, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Acebes et al., “Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors: Their Uses as Potential Herbicides and as Tools In Cellulose and Cell Wall Structural Plasticity Research”; In: Cellulose: Structure and Properties; Mar. 26, 2015; pp. … [cited by applicant]