Long-term fire retardant with corrosion inhibitors and methods for making and using same
A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a potassium salt. The potassium salt may include a potassium salt of an organic acid, a potassium salt of an inorganic acid, or mixtures thereof. The organic acid may include formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. The inorganic acid may include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.
1. A forest fire retardant liquid concentrate, comprising:
a potassium acetate salt solution comprising potassium acetate dissolved in water, the potassium acetate being present in the potassium acetate salt solution in an amount having a weight percent of about 15% to about 85% relative to the total weight of the potassium acetate salt solution;
a corrosion inhibitor for at least one of steel, brass, aluminum, or magnesium, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate;
a thickening agent, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.2% to about 30.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate; and
a colorant, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate;
wherein the colorant comprises at least one a red dye, an orange dye, a purple dye, a pink dye, Iron Oxide, Iron Oxide Black, or a fluorescent pigment.
2. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the potassium acetate is present in the potassium acetate salt solution in a weight percent of about 20% to about 80% relative to the total weight of the potassium acetate salt solution.
3. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of:
an alkyl amine;
an azole;
iron pyrophosphate;
disodium molybdate;
sodium lauryl sulfate; or
sodium stearate.
4. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the thickening agent comprises a polysaccharide gum.
5. The liquid concentrate of claim 4 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises diutan gum.
6. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the colorant comprises the fluorescent pigment.
7. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising a buffering agent present in the liquid concentrate in a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 40.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate.
8. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , further comprising an inorganic pigment present in the liquid concentrate in a weight percent of about 0.02% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate.
9. The liquid concentrate of claim 1 , wherein the potassium acetate salt solution is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 50% to about 70% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
10. A kit comprising:
a sealed container which contains the liquid concentrate of claim 1 substantially in the absence of external moisture; and
instructions for using the liquid concentrate to make a final diluted product useful to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires.
11. The kit of claim 10 , further comprising:
a tank for diluting the liquid concentrate to make the final diluted product; and
a sprayer or a hose for applying the final diluted product.
12. A final diluted product formed by diluting the liquid concentrate of claim 1 with water:
wherein:
the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and
the potassium acetate is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 5% to about 40% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
13. The final diluted product of claim 12 , wherein:
the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant;
the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and
the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for steel, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass.
14. The final diluted product of claim 13 , wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP.
15. The final diluted product of claim 13 , wherein:
the aluminum is 2024T3 aluminum;
the steel is 4130 steel; and
the brass is yellow brass.
16. A forest fire retardant liquid concentrate, comprising:
a liquid salt solution comprising potassium acetate dissolved in water, wherein the potassium acetate is present in the liquid salt solution in an amount having a weight percent of about 15% to about 85% relative to the total weight of the liquid salt solution;
an organic amine, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate; and
a gum, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate;
wherein the liquid salt solution is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 50% to about 70% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
17. The liquid concentrate of claim 16 , wherein the potassium acetate is present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 20% to about 80% relative to the total weight of the liquid concentrate.
18. The liquid concentrate of claim 16 , wherein the gum comprises a polysaccharide gum.
19. The liquid concentrate of claim 18 , wherein the polysaccharide gum comprises diutan gum.
20. The liquid concentrate of claim 16 , wherein the organic amine comprises at least one of triethanolamine, N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane(TRIS).
21. The liquid concentrate of claim 16 , further comprising a colorant present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate.
22. A forest fire retardant liquid concentrate, comprising:
a liquid salt solution comprising potassium acetate dissolved in water, wherein the potassium acetate is present in the liquid salt solution in an amount having a weight percent of about 15% to about 85% relative to the total weight of the liquid salt solution;
an organic amine, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.05% to about 25.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate;
a gum, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.4% to about 25.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate; and
a fluorescent pigment, present in the liquid concentrate in an amount having a weight percent of about 0.3% to about 10.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate.
23. The liquid concentrate of claim 16 , further comprising an inorganic pigment present in the liquid concentrate in a weight percent of about 0.02% to about 4.0% relative to the weight of the potassium acetate in the liquid concentrate.
24. The liquid concentrate of claim 16 , further comprising at least one azole.
25. A final diluted product formed by diluting the liquid concentrate of claim 16 with water:
wherein:
the final diluted product is intended for use to suppress, retard, or contain forest fires; and
the potassium acetate is present in the final diluted product in an amount having a weight percent of about 5% to about 40% relative to the total weight of the final diluted product.
26. The final diluted product of claim 25 , wherein:
the final diluted product is a long-term fire retardant;
the long-term fire retardant has a viscosity between 150 cP and 1500 cP; and
the long-term fire retardant does not exceed a corrosion rate of 2.0 mils-per-year for aluminum, 5.0 mils-per-year for steel, and 5.0 mils-per-year for brass.
27. The final diluted product of claim 26 , wherein the viscosity is between 150 cP and 400 cP.
28. The final diluted product of claim 26 , wherein:
the aluminum is 2024T3 aluminum;
the steel is 4130 steel; and
the brass is yellow brass.