Nitric Oxide Generation
Systems, devices, and methods are provided for generating NO and delivering NO in controlled amounts. A system for generating nitric oxide (NO) is provided, and in some embodiments can include a converter configured to convert a source material to a NO-containing gas, at least one controller configured to independently control a conversion of the source material to the NO-containing gas and a delivery of the NO-containing gas to an inspiratory pathway, and one or more sensors configured to communicate, to the at least one controller, information related to the conversion of the source material to the NO-containing gas.
1 . A system for generating nitric oxide (NO), comprising:
a converter configured to convert a source material to a NO-containing gas;
at least one controller configured to independently control a conversion of the source material to the NO-containing gas and a delivery of the NO-containing gas to an inspiratory pathway; and
one or more sensors configured to communicate, to the at least one controller, information related to the conversion of the source material to the NO-containing gas, at least one of the one or more sensors comprising a pressure sensor to measure a pressure related to gas released by the source material.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the converter comprises a first stage configured to convert the source material to an intermediate material and a second stage configured to convert the intermediate material to the NO-containing gas.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the source material is N 2 O 4 and the intermediate material is NO 2 .
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the first stage of the converter includes a heater that is configured to heat the N 2 O 4 to convert the N 2 O 4 into NO 2 .
5 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the second stage of the converter includes ascorbic acid that is configured to convert the NO 2 into the NO-containing gas.
6 . The system of claim 5 , further comprising a dilution gas configured to dilute the NO 2 before exposure to the ascorbic acid in the second stage of the converter.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the dilution gas is ambient air.
8 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is configured to receive the pressure measurement from the pressure sensor and use the pressure measurement as feedback to control the N 2 O 4 heater.
9 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to receive the pressure measurement from the pressure sensor and use the pressure measurement as feedback to an NO 2 flow controller to control the flow of NO 2 to the second stage of the converter.
10 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the first stage of the converter comprises a heated chamber, and wherein the heated chamber includes a piston for pressure control in a gas headspace of the heated chamber.
11 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the second stage of the converter comprising at least one of an antioxidant material, a nitroxyl material, an enzyme, radiation, and a catalytic reaction to convert the intermediate material into the NO-containing gas.
12 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a mixing chamber configured to blend the NO-containing gas with gas in the inspiratory pathway prior to inhalation.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control delivery of the NO-containing gas to the inspiratory pathway such that a mass flow of the NO-containing gas into an inspiratory limb of a ventilator circuit is in proportion to a inspiratory gas mass flow rate.
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensors further measure at least one of a temperature in the converter, a humidity condition in the converter, a pressure related to the converter, a gas flow rate, a NO concentration in the NO-containing gas produced by the converter, and reagent quantities of the source material.
15 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more sensors further measure at least one of a temperature in the converter, a humidity condition in the converter, a pressure related to gas within the converter, a gas flow rate, a NO 2 concentration, a NO concentration in the NO-containing gas produced by the converter, and reagent quantities of the source material.
16 . A method of generating nitric oxide (NO), comprising:
converting a source material, using a converter, to a NO-containing gas;
measuring, using one or more sensors, a pressure related to gas in the converter;
controlling, using at least one controller, a conversion of the source material to the NO-containing gas utilizing the measured pressure; and
controlling, using the at least one controller and independent of the controlling of the conversion of the source material to the NO-containing gas, delivery of the NO-containing gas to an inspiratory pathway.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein converting the source material to the NO-containing gas comprises converting the source material to an intermediate material and converting the intermediate material to the NO-containing gas.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the source material is N 2 O 4 .
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the intermediate material is NO 2 .